Presence of Leptin in Colostrum and/or Breast Milk from Lactating Mothers: A Potential Role in the Regulation of Neonatal Food Intake

Casabiell, Xesús; Piñeiro, Verónica; Tomé, María Ausencia; Peinó, R.; Diéguez, Carlos; Casanueva, F. F.

doi:10.1210/jcem.82.12.4590

Cited by 258 publications

(86 citation statements)

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“…More work is clearly needed to elucidate leptin's physiological role in growth and haemopoiesis as well as its potential role in influencing immunological responses. Recent experimental evidence also suggests that leptin is secreted in the milk and can pass from the infant's gastrointestinal tract to the blood (Casabiell et al, 1997). Thus, in addition to neonatal leptin, maternal leptin in milk may play a role in regulating neonatal food intake and/or growth (Casabiell et al, 1997).…”

Section: Leptin Levels In the Fetus And Neonatementioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin: in search of role(s) in human physiology and pathophysiology

Mantzoros

Moschos

1998

Clinical Endocrinology

190

117

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Obesity, a health problem reaching epidemic proportions in western countries, is an important risk factor for the most frequent diseases in the western world, i.e. diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer. Thus, significant research efforts have been focusing on its aetiology, prevention and treatment. The recent discovery of leptin (from the Greek word leptos: i.e. thin), the product of the ob gene (Zhang et al., 1994), has greatly advanced our understanding of body adiposity and energy balance regulation. This hormone, produced mainly by adipose tissue, conveys to the brain information about the size of energy stores and activates hypothalamic centres that regulate energy intake and expenditure (Flier, 1997). Moreover, leptin affects several neuroendocrine mechanisms and regulates multiple hypothalamicpituitary axes (Flier, 1997). The realization that adipose tissue is not simply a storage depot, but also an important endocrine gland, has created new opportunities for the investigation and, possibly, treatment of diseases such as obesity and eating disorders.In this review, we discuss the biology of leptin secretion and regulation, as well as our current knowledge of the role leptin plays in various physiological and pathophysiological states. Although most available research studies have been based on animal models, a substantial amount of information has been accumulated over the last 3 years on the role of leptin in humans. Thus, this article mainly focuses on our current knowledge about the role of leptin in human physiology and pathophysiology. Finally, some of the important unanswered questions about leptin physiology are discussed and future directions for leptin research are suggested.

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Section: Leptin Levels In the Fetus And Neonatementioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin: in search of role(s) in human physiology and pathophysiology

Mantzoros

Moschos

1998

Clinical Endocrinology

190

117

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“…Regrettably, the mechanism responsible for this correlation is not understood [15]. Numerous hypothetical links between obesity and breast feeding pertain to the passive nature of bottle-feeding, regardless of the type of milk, versus active suckling when infants are fed directly at the breast [15,16], the hormones and adipokines in breast milk [17][18][19][20][21][22][23], the rates of gastric emptying [24,25], and the rate of the ileal break in emulsions [26]. Accordingly, supplemental in-depth studies comparing the physicochemical properties and digestibility of breast milk and infant formula are imperative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biophysical Aspects of Lipid Digestion in Human Breast Milk and Similac™ Infant Formulas

et al. 2014

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Physico-chemical properties of human breast milk were compared to four Similac ™ infant formulas, and correlated with in vitro free fatty acid bioaccessibility using a simulated gastrointestinal system (TIM-1). Viscoelastic measurements, as a function of pH (pH 6.5 to 3.0) and shear rate, showed lower viscosities in breast milk compared to infant formulas. Droplet size and distribution measurements showed distinct differences between the tested formulas and breast milk. During lipid digestion, a lag period was observed for only breast milk. The rate of lipolysis was found to be higher in breast milk compared to Similac ™ formulas. The total bioaccessible free fatty acids for Advance infant formula and breast milk were not statistically different for the in vitro TIM-1 model and the shifted-logistical model using one-way ANOVA (p<0.05) with a Tukey's Multiple Comparison Test. All other infant formulas had significantly lower free fatty acid bioaccessibilities at the end of the simulated digestion. A positive correlation between rate of lipolysis and droplet surface area per gram for the Similac ™ infant formulas was found. However, breast milk did not follow that trend, suggesting the possible involvement of other factors in rate of lipolysis for breast milk.

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“…Studies on the physiology of breastfeeding revealed the presence of the two adipokines, leptin [1] and adiponectin [2], hormones, such as IGF-I [3], ghrelin [4], and more recently obestatin [5] and resistin [6] in mother's milk (Table 1). Human milk is a complex biological fluid: leptin and ghrelin are synthesized and secreted into breast milk by the mammary gland and pass from serum into milk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leptin is present in human milk [1]; it is produced and secreted by mammary epithelial cells in milk fat globules [29]. Moreover, secretory epithelial cells may transfer leptin from the blood to milk [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Milk Hormones and Their Protective Effect on Obesity

Savino

Liguori

Fissore

et al. 2009

International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology

101

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Data accumulated over recent years have significantly advanced our understanding of growth factors, cytokines, and hormones in breast milk. Here we deal with leptin, adiponectin, IGF-I, ghrelin, and the more recently discovered hormones, obestatin, and resistin, which are present in breast milk and involved in food intake regulation and energy balance. Little is known about these compounds in infant milk formulas. Nutrition in infancy has been implicated in the long-term tendency to obesity, and a longer duration of breastfeeding appears to protect against its development. Diet-related differences in serum leptin and ghrelin values in infancy might explain anthropometric differences and differences in dietary habits between breast-fed and formula-fed infants also later in life. However, there are still gaps in our understanding of how hormones present in breast milk affect children. Here we examine the data related to hormones contained in mother's milk and their potential protective effect on subsequent obesity.

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Presence of Leptin in Colostrum and/or Breast Milk from Lactating Mothers: A Potential Role in the Regulation of Neonatal Food Intake

Cited by 258 publications

References 0 publications

Leptin: in search of role(s) in human physiology and pathophysiology

Leptin: in search of role(s) in human physiology and pathophysiology

Biophysical Aspects of Lipid Digestion in Human Breast Milk and Similac™ Infant Formulas

Breast Milk Hormones and Their Protective Effect on Obesity

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