Presence of OXA-Type Enzymes in Achromobacter insuavis and A. dolens

Abstract

The accurate species identification of Achromobacter isolates is difficult and the clinical isolates of this genus are mostly referred as A. xylosoxidans. Here, we report new OXA variants in 2 isolates identified as A. insuavis (A114, A79) and 1 isolate identified as A. dolens (A336). These results suggest that different bla OXA genes are ubiquitous in the different species of Achromobacter spp. The role of the other species of Achromobacter in clinical samples needs to be reevaluated, and the proper identification is absolutely necessary to understand the epidemiology of this genus.

A Pan-Genomic Approach to Understand the Basis of Host Adaptation in Achromobacter

“…2013b; Traglia et al. 2013, 2014). Figure 5 also contains two previously described efflux protein complexes of the resistance–nodulation–division (RND) family.…”

Use of nrdA gene sequence clustering to estimate the prevalence of different Achromobacter species among Cystic Fibrosis patients in the UK

“…nrdA PCR amplification, MLST and bla OXA gene amplification were carried out using the primers and conditions described previously [22,23,13]. Additionally the ENTF and AXXAR primers described by Traglia et al, 2014 were used to amplify and sequence bla OXA genes of A. insuavis 2b and a novel cluster [10].…”

“…Intrinsic and acquired resistance in Achromobacter species have been documented, with various carbapenemases described, each of which contributes to the therapeutic challenges associated with these pathogens [5,[8][9][10][11][12]. The intrinsic bla OXA genes reported in the genus, which may not be expressed, are species-specific and are therefore helpful in identification studies [10,11,13,14].…”

Characterization of Achromobacter Species in Cystic Fibrosis Patients: Comparison of bla OXA-114 PCR Amplification, Multilocus Sequence Typing, and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

“…The amplification of an inner fragment of the bla OXA-114 gene has been proposed for A. xylosoxidans identification (9). Furthermore, the presence of bla , bla , and bla OXA-243 has been detected in Achromobacter ruhlandii, Achromobacter dolens, and Achromobacter insuavis, respectively (2,3). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) schemes that increase the accuracy of the characterization and identification of Achromobacter strains and species have also been developed (10,11).…”

“…Most Achromobacter clinical isolates are designated as Achromobacter xylosoxidans; however, the commonly used phenotypic tests are not reliable (1)(2)(3). Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis is used in clinical microbiology laboratories as an emerging technology for bacterial species identification (4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”