Presence of Phosphatidylcholine Hydroperoxide in Human Plasma

Miyazawa, Teruo; Yasuda, K.; Fujimoto, Kenshiro; Kaneda, Takashi

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a122339

Cited by 96 publications

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“…We have previously confirmed that higher levels of phospholipid hydroperoxides (PLOOH), the primary oxidation products of phospholipids (PL) (1,2) , accumulate abnormally in the erythrocytes of dementia patients (3) . Such erythrocytes with high levels of lipid hydroperoxides have been postulated to have a decreased ability to transport oxygen to the brain, which may impair blood rheology, thus facilitating dementia (4 -8) .…”

Section: Abstract: Astaxanthin: Phospholipid Hydroperoxides: Erythromentioning

confidence: 88%

Antioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytes

et al. 2011

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Phospholipid hydroperoxides (PLOOH) accumulate abnormally in the erythrocytes of dementia patients, and dietary xanthophylls (polar carotenoids such as astaxanthin) are hypothesised to prevent the accumulation. In the present study, we conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled human trial to assess the efficacy of 12-week astaxanthin supplementation (6 or 12 mg/d) on both astaxanthin and PLOOH levels in the erythrocytes of thirty middle-aged and senior subjects. After 12 weeks of treatment, erythrocyte astaxanthin concentrations were higher in both the 6 and 12 mg astaxanthin groups than in the placebo group. In contrast, erythrocyte PLOOH concentrations were lower in the astaxanthin groups than in the placebo group. In the plasma, somewhat lower PLOOH levels were found after astaxanthin treatment. These results suggest that astaxanthin supplementation results in improved erythrocyte antioxidant status and decreased PLOOH levels, which may contribute to the prevention of dementia. Key words: Astaxanthin: Phospholipid hydroperoxides: Erythrocytes: DementiaWe have previously confirmed that higher levels of phospholipid hydroperoxides (PLOOH), the primary oxidation products of phospholipids (PL) (1,2) , accumulate abnormally in the erythrocytes of dementia patients (3) . Such erythrocytes with high levels of lipid hydroperoxides have been postulated to have a decreased ability to transport oxygen to the brain, which may impair blood rheology, thus facilitating dementia (4 -8) . Recently, we have developed an HPLC method to determine erythrocyte carotenoid content (9) . Using this method, we gathered evidence that accumulation of polar oxygenated carotenoids (xanthophylls) occurs predominantly in human erythrocytes (9) , and that a decrease in xanthophylls and an increase in PLOOH levels in erythrocytes correlate with the severity of dementia (10) . These findings led to the hypothesis that xanthophyll supplementation may minimise the accumulation of erythrocyte PLOOH, and that xanthophylls could be used therapeutically as drugs or functional foods to prevent the disease. Although there is still scarce information on whether orally administered xanthophylls are distributed to human erythrocytes and actually inhibit erythrocyte PLOOH formation, our recent human study has revealed antioxidant properties of the xanthophyll lutein towards erythrocyte PLOOH formation (11) . Animal studies have also supported this hypothesis (12,13) .Among xanthophylls, astaxanthin has recently received attention for its potent antioxidant activity (14,15) . Astaxanthin is naturally synthesised by plants and algae, and is now commercially available as a food supplement from Haematococcus alga (16) . The recommended daily intake is estimated to be 1 -12 mg/d; however, there is not much information regarding the bioavailability of astaxanthin in humans. To the best of our knowledge, the occurrence and antioxidant roles of astaxanthin in human erythrocytes have not been reported.In this investigation of whether admini...

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Section: Abstract: Astaxanthin: Phospholipid Hydroperoxides: Erythromentioning

confidence: 88%

Antioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytes

et al. 2011

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“…All procedures were conducted according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PCOOH) was measured according to the method of Miyazawa [12]and Miyazawa et al [13]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Pentosidine Levels Measured by a Newly Developed Method Using ELISA in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

Sanaka¹,

Funaki²,

Tanaka³

et al. 2002

Nephron

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The plasma pentosidine levels in patients with renal disease were measured by a simple method which was established for plasma and urinary pentosidine determinations. The method, which can be completed within a few hours, involves pretreating plasma with proteolytic enzyme (pronase) and measuring the concentration of pentosidine in the sample by ELISA using antipentosidine antibodies. The prepared antibodies showed no cross-reaction with the raw materials for pentosidine synthesis or with compounds having similar structures. SDS-PAGE indicated that the antibodies had a high purity. The reaction of the antibodies and keyhole limpet hemocyanin-pentosidine in the competitive ELISA system was inhibited by free pentosidine. Excellent standard curves for pentosidine determination were obtained. In actual measurements of clinical samples from patients, a good correlation (r = 0.9356) was obtained between the values measured by ELISA and HPLC. The plasma pentosidine level in patients with renal disease correlated significantly with plasma creatinine, urea nitrogen, β₂-microglobulin, and creatinine clearance, indicating its usefulness in evaluating the severity of renal disease. A significant elevation in plasma pentosidine levels was observed in mild renal dysfunction, whereas no significant increases in creatinine and urea nitrogen levels were detected, suggesting that the plasma pentosidine level is useful in the early diagnosis of beginning renal failure. In patients with chronic renal failure, no difference in plasma pentosidine levels was observed between diabetic nephropathy and chronic glomerulonephritis, while a significant correlation was observed with phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide, suggesting the possibility that the plasma pentosidine level reflects injury due to oxidation. From these results, the quantitative measurement method developed by us is judged to be a superior innovation for measuring pentosidine in body fluids. The plasma pentosidine level may be useful for the early diagnosis of mild renal failure and to estimate the degree of the severity of renal diseases.

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“…Contents of PCOOH and PEOOH in the lipid fraction of erythrocyte membranes were determined by a HPLC-chemiluminescence method (27,31). The lipid fraction was dissolved in 5.0 mL of chloroform/ methanol (2:1, vol/vol) and washed twice with 1 mL of 0.05 M KCl to obtain 3.5 mL of the organic layer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of n−3 fatty acid supplementation on lipid peroxidation and protein aggregation in rat erythrocyte membranes

Ando

Nagata

Beppu

et al. 1998

Lipids

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Human erythrocytes in the circulation undergo dynamic oxidative damage involving membrane lipid peroxidation and protein aggregation during aging. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on lipid peroxidation and protein aggregation in the circulation and also the in vitro susceptibility of rat erythrocyte membranes to oxidative damage. Wistar male rats were fed a diet containing n-6 fatty acid-rich safflower oil or n-3 fatty acid-rich fish oil with an equal amount of vitamin E for 6 wk. n-3 Fatty acid content in erythrocyte membranes of rats fed fish oil was significantly higher than that of rats fed safflower oil. The degree of membrane lipid peroxidation and protein aggregation of rats fed fish oil was not significantly higher than that of rats fed safflower oil when the amounts of phospholipid hydroperoxides, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, and detergent-insoluble protein aggregates were measured. When isolated erythrocytes were oxidized under aerobic conditions in the presence of Fe(III), the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation of erythrocytes from rats fed fish oil was increased to a greater extent than that of rats fed safflower oil, whereas the degree of membrane protein aggregation of both groups was increased in a similar extent. Hence, n-3 fatty acid supplementation did not affect lipid peroxidation and protein aggregation in membranes of circulating rat erythrocytes, and the supplementation increased the susceptibility of isolated erythrocytes to lipid peroxidation, but not to protein aggregation, under the aerobic conditions. If a sufficient amount of vitamin E is supplied, n-3 fatty acid supplementation may give no undesirable oxidative effects on rat erythrocytes in the circulation.

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Presence of Phosphatidylcholine Hydroperoxide in Human Plasma

Cited by 96 publications

References 0 publications

Antioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytes

Antioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytes

Plasma Pentosidine Levels Measured by a Newly Developed Method Using ELISA in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

Effect of n−3 fatty acid supplementation on lipid peroxidation and protein aggregation in rat erythrocyte membranes

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