Present and Future Perspectives for Biocides and Antifouling Products for Stone-Built Cultural Heritage: Ionic Liquids as a Challenging Alternative

Schiavo, Sandra Lo; Leo, Filomena De; Urzı̀, Clara

doi:10.3390/app10186568

Cited by 45 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…One of the biocides most used by restorers and conservators in Italy [56][57][58] and also tested in Spain [59,60] is Preventol RI 80, based on a quaternary ammonium salt. It is active against a wide variety of bacteria, fungi, algae, and lichens on stones and building materials [57,59,[61][62][63].…”

Section: Cleaning and Biocide Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodeterioration of Salón de Reinos, Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid, Spain

et al. 2021

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The Salón de Reinos, a remnant of the 17th century Palacio del Buen Retiro, was built as a recreational residence under the reign of Felipe IV between 1632 and 1640 and was the main room for the monarch’s receptions. This Salón owes its name to the fact that the coats of arms (shields) of the 24 kingdoms that formed Spain in Felipe IV’s time were painted on the vault, above the windows. In addition, the ceiling shows an original decorative composition. The painted ceiling and window vaults showed deterioration evidenced by fissures, water filtration, detachments of the paint layer, and black stains denoting fungal colonization related to humidity. Ten strains of bacteria and 14 strains of fungi were isolated from the deteriorated paintings. Their biodeteriorative profiles were detected through plate assays. The most frequent metabolic functions were proteolytic and lipolytic activities. Other activities, such as the solubilization of gypsum and calcite and the production of acids, were infrequent among the isolates.

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Section: Cleaning and Biocide Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodeterioration of Salón de Reinos, Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid, Spain

et al. 2021

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“…Research is giving more attention to the development of protocols and products for consolidation and restoration that respect the sustainability and the green chemistry guidelines, considering the main features required as well such as durability, transparency, compatibility with ancient material, and easy synthesis and application (Figure 3). As Lo Schiavo and collaborators reported [45], green conservation of cultural heritage includes eco-sustainable practices in alternative to the traditional methods and products that, as we said before, are often toxic. Acrylic polymers and corrosion inhibitors (such as benzotriazole (BTA)) are still widely used in the restoration field, even if they are recognized to be dangerous not only for their nature, but also for the need to use toxic solvents for their removal, although sometimes they are used along with non-toxic or innovative green compounds [35,[46][47][48].…”

Section: Sustainable Conservation Through a Chemical Approachmentioning

confidence: 78%

How Green Possibilities Can Help in a Future Sustainable Conservation of Cultural Heritage in Europe

Turo

Medeghini

2021

Sustainability

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We are moving towards a future that must be more sustainable in several aspects of society. Culture and cultural heritage have been recognized as indispensable parts of the sustainable growth of society, and the conservation model implemented in Europe has been considered as an example to follow at the economic, environmental, and social levels. The achievement of excellent results and the development of new technologies for the conservation of cultural heritage have highlighted the fundamental need for a method of sustainable conservation. In this commentary paper, we discuss two aspects that can contribute to sustainability in the future of conservation science: the use of innovative chemical products and the monitoring of outdoor sites by means of the forecast of the impact of dangerous factors on artistic surfaces. We are focusing mainly on the material aspect of cultural assets and how hard science can help in sustainable conservation. Even if the concept of sustainability has an ever-growing presence in our society, and different approaches have been given in different fields, it is still difficult to come up with a specific definition that can include the various hues of the world of cultural heritage conservation. The case studies presented in this paper are related to the European area and the advancements made for the sustainable preservation of such heritage. Considering the results obtained from both the chemical and the forecast side, we will try to summarize concisely the tasks that must be achieved in order to indicate as sustainable an approach to diagnostics for cultural heritage, including both the trans-disciplinary features of cultural heritage science and the scientific conservation of materials.

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“…In most cases, the use of direct methods is the only solution. It is essential to be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods (Lo Schiavo et al 2020), and to fit the best one for the case study, taking also into account the risks of recolonization. Materials and methods: case studies Direct methods can be classified as physical and chemical systems.…”

Section: Actions Against Biodeteriorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortars and plasters—how to manage mortars and plasters conservation

Caroselli

Ruffolo

Piqué

2021

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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The use of mortars and plasters has been widespread in many cultures for thousands of years and these materials are found in the vast majority of built cultural heritage. They play a crucial role in the preservation of immovable heritage and must be taken into great consideration when conserving historical buildings. Plasters and mortars have been extensively studied from a chemical and mineralogical point of view. The main causes and mechanisms of damage and deterioration are understood and various methods and materials have been developed for their preservation. Treatment development, testing and evaluation in the laboratory, under controlled conditions, has produced a high level of knowledge. However, there is a divergence between the results of academic-scientific studies and practice in the field. Laboratory studies typically tackle only a few variables at the time and the results cannot always be directly applied to address the complex problems that restorers face in their daily work practice. In addition, in situ conservation-restoration is extremely challenging because many of large number of variables involved cannot be controlled or modified. Following a description of the ideal “value-based” conservation process, this compilation work discusses aspects related to understanding deterioration mechanisms and planning of preventive and remedial interventions in a way that may be useful to update conservators-restorers on the status of scientific research in this field, and to guide conservation-scientists to identify unresolved issues, which require future research efforts.

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Present and Future Perspectives for Biocides and Antifouling Products for Stone-Built Cultural Heritage: Ionic Liquids as a Challenging Alternative

Cited by 45 publications

References 76 publications

Biodeterioration of Salón de Reinos, Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid, Spain

Biodeterioration of Salón de Reinos, Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid, Spain

How Green Possibilities Can Help in a Future Sustainable Conservation of Cultural Heritage in Europe

Mortars and plasters—how to manage mortars and plasters conservation

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