Present-day mercury resistance transposons are common in bacteria preserved in permafrost grounds since the Upper Pleistocene

Mindlin, S. Z.; Minakhin, Leonid; Petrová, Magdalena; Kholodii, Gennady; Minakhina, Svetlana; Gorlenko, Zhosefine; Nikiforov, Vadim

doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2005.05.011

Cited by 56 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…They have been found harbored by Tn21-like transposons and, in the case of In34, also by an early antibiotic-resistant conjugative plasmid (32). Indeed, our work supports the hypothesis that the spread of CTX-M enzymes takes advantage of the wide availability in nature of old plasmids, already present in the preantibiotic era, as well as old mercury resistance transposons and classic integrons (5,12,21,25,31).…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

Dissemination and Persistence of bla _CTX-M-9 Are Linked to Class 1 Integrons Containing CR1 Associated with Defective Transposon Derivatives from Tn 402 Located in Early Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids of IncHI2, IncP1-α, and IncFI Groups

Novais

Cantón

Valverde

et al. 2006

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

109

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This study analyzes the diversity of In60, a class 1 integron bearing CR1 and containing bla CTX-M-9 , and its association with Tn402, Tn21, and classical conjugative plasmids among 45 CTX-M-9-producing clinical strains (41 Escherichia coli strains, 2 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, 1 Salmonella enterica strain, and 1 Enterobacter cloacae strain). Forty-five patients in a Spanish tertiary care hospital were studied (1996 to 2003). The diversity of In60 and association of In60 with Tn402 or mercury resistance transposons were investigated by overlapping PCR assays and/or hybridization. Plasmid characterization included comparison of restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns and determination of incompatibility group by PCR-based replicon typing, sequencing, and hybridization. CTX-M-9 plasmids belonged to IncHI2 (n ‫؍‬ 26), IncP-1␣ (n ‫؍‬ 10), IncFI (n ‫؍‬ 4), and IncI (n ‫؍‬ 1) groups. Genetic platforms containing bla CTX-M-9 were classified in six types in relation to the In60 backbone and in eight subtypes in relation to Tn402 derivatives. They were associated with Tn21 sequences when located in IncP-1␣ or IncHI2 plasmids. Our study identified bla CTX-M-9 in a high diversity of CR1-bearing class 1 integrons linked to different Tn402 derivatives, often to Tn21, highlighting the role of recombination events in the evolution of antibiotic resistance plasmids. The presence of bla CTX-M-9 on broad-host-range IncP-1␣ plasmids might contribute to its dissemination to hosts that were not members of the family Enterobacteriaceae.The reasons driving the recent dramatic worldwide dissemination of CTX-M-producing microorganisms are far from understood. Chromosomal ␤-lactamase genes from different Kluyvera species are considered the ancestors of each of the five CTX-M groups described thus far (CTX-M-1, -2, -8, -9, and -

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supporting

confidence: 81%

Dissemination and Persistence of bla _CTX-M-9 Are Linked to Class 1 Integrons Containing CR1 Associated with Defective Transposon Derivatives from Tn 402 Located in Early Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids of IncHI2, IncP1-α, and IncFI Groups

Novais

Cantón

Valverde

et al. 2006

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

109

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“…This is a detoxification process as evidenced by the resumption of microbial growth after the removal of the gaseous form of Hg(0) (8). Mercury resistance is widespread among microorganisms from diverse environments (44), including extreme environments such as hydrothermal vents (60) and permafrost (41). In temperate regions, microbial reduction of mercury affects the production of dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) in pristine and in contaminated aquatic systems (6,7,9,57) as well as the degradation of methylmercury in contaminated aquatic systems (52).…”

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confidence: 99%

Potential for Mercury Reduction by Microbes in the High Arctic

Poulain

Chadhain

Ariya

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The contamination of polar regions due to the global distribution of anthropogenic pollutants is of great concern because it leads to the bioaccumulation of toxic substances, methylmercury among them, in Arctic food chains. Here we present the first evidence that microbes in the high Arctic possess and express diverse merA genes, which specify the reduction of ionic mercury [Hg(II)] to the volatile elemental form [Hg(0)]. The sampled microbial biomass, collected from microbial mats in a coastal lagoon and from the surface of marine macroalgae, was comprised of bacteria that were most closely related to psychrophiles that had previously been described in polar environments. We used a kinetic redox model, taking into consideration photoredox reactions as well as mer-mediated reduction, to assess if the potential for Hg(II) reduction by Arctic microbes can affect the toxicity and environmental mobility of mercury in the high Arctic. Results suggested that mer-mediated Hg(II) reduction could account for most of the Hg(0) that is produced in high Arctic waters. At the surface, with only 5% metabolically active cells, up to 68% of the mercury pool was resolved by the model as biogenic Hg(0). At a greater depth, because of incident light attenuation, the significance of photoredox transformations declined and merA-mediated activity could account for up to 90% of Hg(0) production. These findings highlight the importance of microbial redox transformations in the biogeochemical cycling, and thus the toxicity and mobility, of mercury in polar regions.

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“…Previous studies have described the isolation of many organic and/or inorganic mercury-resistant bacteria belonging to species of the genera Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, and Escherichia from various mercurycontaminated environments (Mindlin et al 2005;Kannan and Krishnamoorthy 2006;De and Ramaiah 2007;Poulain et al 2007;Mirzaei et al 2008;Bafana et al 2010). Most mercury-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria possess mer operons as their mercury-resistant determinants, which are usually located on transposons, plasmids, or the bacterial chromosomes (Osborn et al 1997;Nascimento and Chartone-Souza 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a marine-isolated mercury-resistant Pseudomonas putida strain SP1 and its potential application in marine mercury reduction

Zhang

Chen

Liu

2011

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

130

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The Pseudomonas putida strain SP1 was isolated from marine environment and was found to be resistant to 280 μM HgCl 2 . SP1 was also highly resistant to other metals, including CdCl 2 , CoCl 2 , CrCl 3 , CuCl 2 , PbCl 2 , and ZnSO 4 , and the antibiotics ampicillin (Ap), kanamycin (Kn), chloramphenicol (Cm), and tetracycline (Tc). mer operon, possessed by most mercury-resistant bacteria, and other diverse types of resistant determinants were all located on the bacterial chromosome. Cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry and a volatilization test indicated that the isolated P. putida SP1 was able to volatilize almost 100% of the total mercury it was exposed to and could potentially be used for bioremediation in marine environments. The optimal pH for the growth of P. putida SP1 in the presence of HgCl 2 and the removal of HgCl 2 by P. putida SP1 was between 8.0 and 9.0, whereas the optimal pH for the expression of merA, the mercuric reductase enzyme in mer operon that reduces reactive Hg 2+ to volatile and relatively inert monoatomic Hg 0 vapor, was around 5.0. LD 50 of P. putida SP1 to flounder and turbot was 1.5× 10 9 CFU. Biofilm developed by P. putida SP1 was 1-to 3-fold lower than biofilm developed by an aquatic pathogen Pseudomonas fluorescens TSS. The results of this study indicate that P. putida SP1 is a low virulence strain that can potentially be applied in the bioremediation of HgCl 2 contamination over a broad range of pH.

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Present-day mercury resistance transposons are common in bacteria preserved in permafrost grounds since the Upper Pleistocene

Cited by 56 publications

References 42 publications

Dissemination and Persistence of bla _CTX-M-9 Are Linked to Class 1 Integrons Containing CR1 Associated with Defective Transposon Derivatives from Tn 402 Located in Early Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids of IncHI2, IncP1-α, and IncFI Groups

Dissemination and Persistence of bla _CTX-M-9 Are Linked to Class 1 Integrons Containing CR1 Associated with Defective Transposon Derivatives from Tn 402 Located in Early Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids of IncHI2, IncP1-α, and IncFI Groups

Potential for Mercury Reduction by Microbes in the High Arctic

Characterization of a marine-isolated mercury-resistant Pseudomonas putida strain SP1 and its potential application in marine mercury reduction

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Present-day mercury resistance transposons are common in bacteria preserved in permafrost grounds since the Upper Pleistocene

Cited by 56 publications

References 42 publications

Dissemination and Persistence of bla CTX-M-9 Are Linked to Class 1 Integrons Containing CR1 Associated with Defective Transposon Derivatives from Tn 402 Located in Early Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids of IncHI2, IncP1-α, and IncFI Groups

Dissemination and Persistence of bla CTX-M-9 Are Linked to Class 1 Integrons Containing CR1 Associated with Defective Transposon Derivatives from Tn 402 Located in Early Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids of IncHI2, IncP1-α, and IncFI Groups

Potential for Mercury Reduction by Microbes in the High Arctic

Characterization of a marine-isolated mercury-resistant Pseudomonas putida strain SP1 and its potential application in marine mercury reduction

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Dissemination and Persistence of bla _CTX-M-9 Are Linked to Class 1 Integrons Containing CR1 Associated with Defective Transposon Derivatives from Tn 402 Located in Early Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids of IncHI2, IncP1-α, and IncFI Groups

Dissemination and Persistence of bla _CTX-M-9 Are Linked to Class 1 Integrons Containing CR1 Associated with Defective Transposon Derivatives from Tn 402 Located in Early Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids of IncHI2, IncP1-α, and IncFI Groups