Present needs, recent progress and future trends of energy-efficient Ultra-Low Carbon Dioxide (CO) Steelmaking (ULCOS) program

Quader, M. Abdul; Ahmed, Shamsuddin; Dawal, Siti Zawiah Md; Nukman, Y.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.101

Cited by 221 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The carbon content in the wood biomass is low compared to fossil fuels for example coal, coke or oil used in ironmaking and steelmaking (Nogami, Yagi and Sampaio, 2004). Besides, the sulfur content is also low approximately 0.01-1 wt% which is advantageous for blast furnace ironmaking (Abdul Quader et al, 2016) The industrial sinter used in test was evaluated as a sample with lower reducibility than it was expected. Regarding its high basicity, better value has been assumed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Still coal based metallurgical production is dependent on fossil fuels; it is an industry emitting the biggest carbon dioxide emission world widely. Globally, iron and steel production accounts for about 6 % of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions each year (Onarheim, Mathisen and Arasto, 2015 Quader et al, 2016). Beside the international large-scale projects, there are many research initiatives aimed at decrease in carbon dioxide emissions in all the production phase of metallurgical operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Low Carbon Technology in Metallurgy

Jursová

Honus

Pustějovská

et al. 2019

System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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The paper deals with possibilities of low carbon technology application in metallurgy. It sums up the world wide experience with them and presents possibilities of their application in metallurgical production in view of carbon dioxide emission responsible for greenhouse effect and global warming of the Earth. It summarizes research projects in this field and presents the results and conclusion resulting from them. It is aimed at the possibilities of low carbon application in sinter and subsequently in blast furnace process. It presents research on reducibility of metallurgical ekosinter produced with share of biomass in comparison with sample of industrial one. It describes the testing methodology carried out in accordance with ISO 4695:2007. The samples were tested in reduction atmosphere created by 40% CO2 and 60% N2 simulating conditions in blast furnace aggregate at temperature 950°C. The obtained results confirmed better reducibility rate of ekosinter which reached the reduction index (dR/dt) 1.15, in comparison with industrial sinter of reduction index 0.83.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Low Carbon Technology in Metallurgy

Jursová

Honus

Pustějovská

et al. 2019

System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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“…This also concerns hydrogen reduction. The European research program ULCOS began in 2004 and had several projects on the application of hydrogen in iron and steel production [21,[78][79][80]. The development work has continued in several projects aiming at pilot and industrial scale installations.…”

Section: Hydrogen Economy-definitive Solution Toward Carbon Neutral Smentioning

confidence: 99%

A General Vision for Reduction of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions from the Steel Industry

Holappa

2020

Metals

165

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The 2018 IPCC (The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s) report defined the goal to limit global warming to 1.5 °C by 2050. This will require “rapid and far-reaching transitions in land, energy, industry, buildings, transport, and cities”. The challenge falls on all sectors, especially energy production and industry. In this regard, the recent progress and future challenges of greenhouse gas emissions and energy supply are first briefly introduced. Then, the current situation of the steel industry is presented. Steel production is predicted to grow by 25–30% by 2050. The dominant iron-making route, blast furnace (BF), especially, is an energy-intensive process based on fossil fuel consumption; the steel sector is thus responsible for about 7% of all anthropogenic CO2 emissions. In order to take up the 2050 challenge, emissions should see significant cuts. Correspondingly, specific emissions (t CO2/t steel) should be radically decreased. Several large research programs in big steelmaking countries and the EU have been carried out over the last 10–15 years or are ongoing. All plausible measures to decrease CO2 emissions were explored here based on the published literature. The essential results are discussed and concluded. The specific emissions of “world steel” are currently at 1.8 t CO2/t steel. Improved energy efficiency by modernizing plants and adopting best available technologies in all process stages could decrease the emissions by 15–20%. Further reductions towards 1.0 t CO2/t steel level are achievable via novel technologies like top gas recycling in BF, oxygen BF, and maximal replacement of coke by biomass. These processes are, however, waiting for substantive industrialization. Generally, substituting hydrogen for carbon in reductants and fuels like natural gas and coke gas can decrease CO2 emissions remarkably. The same holds for direct reduction processes (DR), which have spread recently, exceeding 100 Mt annual capacity. More radical cut is possible via CO2 capture and storage (CCS). The technology is well-known in the oil industry; and potential applications in other sectors, including the steel industry, are being explored. While this might be a real solution in propitious circumstances, it is hardly universally applicable in the long run. More auspicious is the concept that aims at utilizing captured carbon in the production of chemicals, food, or fuels e.g., methanol (CCU, CCUS). The basic idea is smart, but in the early phase of its application, the high energy-consumption and costs are disincentives. The potential of hydrogen as a fuel and reductant is well-known, but it has a supporting role in iron metallurgy. In the current fight against climate warming, H2 has come into the “limelight” as a reductant, fuel, and energy storage. The hydrogen economy concept contains both production, storage, distribution, and uses. In ironmaking, several research programs have been launched for hydrogen production and reduction of iron oxides. Another global trend is the transfer from fossil fuel to electricity. “Green” electricity generation and hydrogen will be firmly linked together. The electrification of steel production is emphasized upon in this paper as the recycled scrap is estimated to grow from the 30% level to 50% by 2050. Finally, in this review, all means to reduce specific CO2 emissions have been summarized. By thorough modernization of production facilities and energy systems and by adopting new pioneering methods, “world steel” could reach the level of 0.4–0.5 t CO2/t steel and thus reduce two-thirds of current annual emissions.

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“…For primary steel production, about 80% of the CO 2 emissions stem from the reduction of iron ore [22,23,115]. The main options for deep emission reduction in primary steel production are electrification with renewable electricity (either via hydrogen direct reduction or through electrowinning) [22,26,71,90,[115][116][117], use of biomass to replace coke as fuel and reducing agent [26,76,113,[118][119][120][121][122], and/or use of carbon capture and storage (CCS) [22,26,40,117,123,124]. Partial CO 2 capture is a mature and low-cost technology that can be implemented in the coming 10-15 years without major changes to the existing process and which can be combined with biomass substitution [123,125,126].…”

Section: Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roadmap for Decarbonization of the Building and Construction Industry—A Supply Chain Analysis Including Primary Production of Steel and Cement

et al. 2020

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Sweden has committed to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to net-zero by 2045. Around 20% of Sweden’s annual CO2 emissions arise from manufacturing, transporting, and processing of construction materials for construction and refurbishment of buildings and infrastructure. In this study, material and energy flows for building and transport infrastructure construction is outlined, together with a roadmap detailing how the flows change depending on different technical and strategical choices. By matching short-term and long-term goals with specific technology solutions, these pathways make it possible to identify key decision points and potential synergies, competing goals, and lock-in effects. The results show that it is possible to reduce CO2 emissions associated with construction of buildings and transport infrastructure by 50% to 2030 applying already available measures, and reach close to zero emissions by 2045, while indicating that strategic choices with respect to process technologies and energy carriers may have different implications on energy use and CO2 emissions over time. The results also illustrate the importance of intensifying efforts to identify and manage both soft and hard barriers and the importance of simultaneously acting now by implementing available measures (e.g., material efficiency and material/fuel substitution measures), while actively planning for long-term measures (low-CO2 steel or cement).

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Present needs, recent progress and future trends of energy-efficient Ultra-Low Carbon Dioxide (CO) Steelmaking (ULCOS) program

Cited by 221 publications

References 40 publications

Application of Low Carbon Technology in Metallurgy

Application of Low Carbon Technology in Metallurgy

A General Vision for Reduction of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions from the Steel Industry

Roadmap for Decarbonization of the Building and Construction Industry—A Supply Chain Analysis Including Primary Production of Steel and Cement

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