Present of a causal model for social function based on theory of mind with mediating of Machiavellian beliefs and hot empathy

Arefi, Mozhgan

doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.167

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Similarly, AMS-Q reflects real life, in which few social situations are neutral and the ability to grasp the intentions, beliefs, desires, and emotions of others can be used in prosocial or antisocial ways. Indeed, people consistently use their mind-reading abilities to understand and even control another’s behavior by manipulating, teasing, or other antisocial purposes ( Arefi, 2010 ). Likewise, mentalizing abilities can offer help and cooperation, care about others, and consider their feelings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, nearly all children and adults consistently use their mind-reading skills for everyday social purposes. In this sense, the nature of social behaviors is rarely neutral and more often are behaviors that require prosocial or antisocial use of ToM skills ( Ronald et al, 2005 ; Arefi, 2010 ). For these reasons, Ronald et al (2005) proposed the expressions nice Theory of Mind and nasty Theory of Mind to distinguish prosocial and antisocial ToM abilities ( Happé and Frith, 1996 ), identifying nice ToM in behaviors such as cooperating, comforting, considering others’ feelings, and nasty ToM, which involves an intact mentalizing ability but used to manipulate, outwit, or tease others ( Happé and Frith, 1996 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and validation of the Attribution of Mental States Questionnaire (AMS-Q): A reference tool for assessing anthropomorphism

et al. 2023

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Attributing mental states to others, such as feelings, beliefs, goals, desires, and attitudes, is an important interpersonal ability, necessary for adaptive relationships, which underlies the ability to mentalize. To evaluate the attribution of mental and sensory states, a new 23-item measure, the Attribution of Mental States Questionnaire (AMS-Q), has been developed. The present study aimed to investigate the dimensionality of the AMS-Q and its psychometric proprieties in two studies. Study 1 focused on the development of the questionnaire and its factorial structure in a sample of Italian adults (N = 378). Study 2 aimed to confirm the findings in a new sample (N = 271). Besides the AMS-Q, Study 2 included assessments of Theory of Mind (ToM), mentalization, and alexithymia. A Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and a Parallel Analysis (PA) of the data from Study 1 yielded three factors assessing mental states with positive or neutral valence (AMS-NP), mental states with negative valence (AMS-N), and sensory states (AMS-S). These showed satisfactory reliability indexes. AMS-Q’s whole-scale internal consistency was excellent. Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) further confirmed the three-factor structure. The AMS-Q subscales also showed a consistent pattern of correlation with associated constructs in the theoretically predicted ways, relating positively to ToM and mentalization and negatively to alexithymia. Thus, the questionnaire is considered suitable to be easily administered and sensitive for assessing the attribution of mental and sensory states to humans. The AMS-Q can also be administered with stimuli of nonhuman agents (e.g., animals, inanimate things, and even God); this allows the level of mental anthropomorphization of other agents to be assessed using the human as a term of comparison, providing important hints in the perception of nonhuman entities as more or less mentalistic compared to human beings, and identifying what factors are required for the attribution of human mental traits to nonhuman agents, further helping to delineate the perception of others’ minds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of the Attribution of Mental States Questionnaire (AMS-Q): A reference tool for assessing anthropomorphism

et al. 2023

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“…34 Consistent with this, subjects with Machiavellian beliefs have also been found to exhibit a kind of affective coldness without empathic concern and take advantage of their ToM abilities as a social tool they use according to their own convenience. [35][36][37] This may partially explain why mean Faux Pas Test scores were similar in both groups of adolescents, and suggests the CUTs of adolescents with CD can be a contributing factor to the instrumental use of their ToM abilities. This operational use of mind-reading abilities should be further explored both in healthy controls and in subjects with CD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empathic skills and theory of mind in female adolescents with conduct disorder

Tobón

Rosa

Tamayo

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Objective: Most studies on conduct disorder (CD) have focused on male adolescents, disregarding analysis of this psychopathology in women. The purpose of this study was to identify differences in empathy and theory of mind (ToM) in a group of adolescent women with CD and a control group. Method: Thirty-six adolescent women were selected from an initial sample of 239 adolescents (CD group = 18, control group = 18). Empathy and ToM were evaluated through objective instruments. Mean comparisons and multivariate analysis were performed to ascertain differences between cases and controls and to propose a prediction model based on clinical status. Results: Significant differences in empathic abilities and ToM were found between the groups. The model that differentiated both groups was composed of eye-reading ability, perspective taking, and personal distress. Conclusion: These findings are consistent with previous studies. Capacity to take the other's perspective and the recognition of emotions in the face are protective factors against CD in women.

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“…ToM skills may be helpful in concealing the antisocial child’s true intentions and goals by making the behavior appear inoffensive or at least ambiguous to others (Renouf et al, 2010). Thus, ToM can be used to engage both prosocial and antisocial or Machiavellian behaviors (Arefi, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nice and Nasty ToM Behaviors

Westby¹

2022

Word of Mouth

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Present of a causal model for social function based on theory of mind with mediating of Machiavellian beliefs and hot empathy

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Development and validation of the Attribution of Mental States Questionnaire (AMS-Q): A reference tool for assessing anthropomorphism

Development and validation of the Attribution of Mental States Questionnaire (AMS-Q): A reference tool for assessing anthropomorphism

Empathic skills and theory of mind in female adolescents with conduct disorder

Nice and Nasty ToM Behaviors

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