Present state of hepatitis E virus epidemiology in Tokyo, Japan

Ding, Xin; Li, Tiancheng; Hayashi, Shigeki; Masaki, Naohiko; Tran, Tung Thanh; Hirano, Masao; Yamaguchi, Mari; Usui, Mitsugu; Takeda, Naokazu; Abe, Kenji

doi:10.1016/s1386-6346(03)00233-x

Cited by 30 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…We observed a prevalence of anti-HEV antibody of 31% in chronic HD patients attending a single dialysis unit in northern Taiwan, an endemic area of hepatitis. This prevalence is very similar to other Pacific countries, such as Japan [18]. A high circulation of HEV in northern Taiwan exists, as suggested by a very recent survey.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Prevalence of Antibody to Hepatitis E Virus among Haemodialysis Patients in Taiwan: Possible Infection by Blood Transfusion

Lee¹,

Shih²,

Laio³

et al. 2005

Nephron Clin Pract

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Background/Aims: A higher prevalence of anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) in non-endemic viral hepatitis such as in Germany has been reported in our previous study. The aim of this study was to assess the seroepidemiology of HEV among haemodialysis (HD) patients in Shin-Kong Hospital, Taiwan, and to evaluate whether there was an increased risk of infection and exposure to HEV even in an area of endemic viral hepatitis. Methods: Serum samples obtained from 400 Taiwanese patients on chronic HD (group 1), 400 sex- and age-matched healthy subjects (group 2) and hospital patients (group 3) were tested for the IgG anti-HEV. Results: The prevalence of anti-HEV among the HD patients and the healthy controls were 31 and 8.9%, respectively. The difference (22%) was statistically significant (p < 0.01). In comparison, the anti-HEV in hospital patients was 16%. Conclusion: The study indicated a significantly higher risk of HEV infection among patients on chronic HD in endemic regions of viral hepatitis such as Taiwan. Mostly because of anaemia, HD patients usually received packed transfusion (red blood cells) if their haemoglobin was low. It is possible that HEV infection may be transmitted through blood transfusions in an endemic area. In such areas, appropriate strategies should be adopted to prevent the risk of HEV among HD patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Prevalence of Antibody to Hepatitis E Virus among Haemodialysis Patients in Taiwan: Possible Infection by Blood Transfusion

Lee¹,

Shih²,

Laio³

et al. 2005

Nephron Clin Pract

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“…Similarly, in a study on HD patients in Sweden, the percentage of IgG-type anti-HEV antibody positivity was shown to be 2.5% in the patients under 40 years of age and 7.4% in patients aged 40 years or older, respectively [28]. In the same way, the HEV infection rate could be demonstrated to increase with age in the liver disease patients in another study [22]. The relationship between age and HEV infection might be a repercussion of the exposure to the virus many years before.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Moreover, the existence of anti-HEV IgG in some blood donors in nonendemic countries seems to stem from another unknown virus that could create antibodies cross-reacting with HEV [21]. In view of statistics and for the prevalence rate of HEV, it varies in different countries for instance from 1–3% among healthy adults in the USA to 4.6–6.7% in Japan [22]. So far, studies have shown a global spread of HEV infection along with substantial mortality in the developing countries [23].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus Infection: A General Review with a Focus on Hemodialysis and Kidney Transplant Patients

Hosseini-Moghaddam¹,

Abbaszadeh²,

Alavian³

et al. 2010

Am J Nephrol

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Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a self-limited viral disease that causes acute hepatitis epidemics in developing countries. The common route of transmission for HEV is supposedly fecal-oral. Serological evidence may be unexpectedly found in hemodialysis (HD) patients and kidney transplant recipients. Although the route of HEV transmission is not usually determined in HD subjects, this virus seems to be transmitted either directly through HD or nosocomially. In this study, we gathered the published information on HEV infection in HD patients and kidney transplant recipients. Methods: For this review, we collected the relevant articles by searching through Medline and Google Scholar from January 1980 up to September 2009. Results: Some variables including older age, low education, living in rural versus urban areas and the duration of HD seem to be risk factors for HEV infection in HD patients. Compared with non-HD subjects, HEV infection may be specifically associated with poor outcome in HD patients. Specific considerations seem to be required to prevent transmission of HEV to HD patients. Conclusion: More extensive investigations are required to determine the disease burden of HEV infection in HD subjects in countries which experience outbreaks of HEV infection.

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“…Although initial evidence suggested that HEV was an enterically transmitted virus with transmission mechanisms similar to those of the hepatitis A virus (HAV), the differences in the prevalences of infection of the two viruses and their differential distributions in specific population groups have led to a search for risk factors associated with HEV infection (1,10). The fact that other enterically transmitted viruses, such as the hepatitis A virus, can occasionally be transmitted parenterally has led to the suggestion that HEV could also be transmitted by this route.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-Based Seroepidemiological Survey of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Catalonia, Spain

Buti

Domı́nguez

Plans

et al. 2006

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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The objective of the study was to investigate the prevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in a population sample from Catalonia and to analyze the demographic and clinical variables associated with the presence of these antibodies. A total of 1,280 subjects between 15 and 74 years of age were selected randomly from urban and rural areas. Data for sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected by using a questionnaire. IgG antibodies to HEV were determined by an immunoenzymatic method. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for studied variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine which variables were independently associated with the prevalence of HEV infection. Anti-HEV antibodies were detected in 96 (7.3%) of the 1,280 samples analyzed. The prevalence of antibodies was greater among males (7.8%) than among women (7%) and increased with age for both sexes, from 3% among subjects 15 to 24 years of age to 12% among subjects >65 years of age. Bivariate analysis of the sociodemographic and clinical variables showed an association between the prevalence of hepatitis E virus infection and minor surgery (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.24 to 3.11), abdominal surgery (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.12 to 2.73), and, for women, being uniparous or multiparous (OR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.19 to 6.79). The multivariate analysis showed an association with minor surgery only (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.70). In conclusion, anti-HEV antibodies were detected in 7.3% of the Catalan population. The seroprevalence of anti-HEV antibodies increased with age and was associated with previous minor surgery.

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Present state of hepatitis E virus epidemiology in Tokyo, Japan

Cited by 30 publications

References 16 publications

Prevalence of Antibody to Hepatitis E Virus among Haemodialysis Patients in Taiwan: Possible Infection by Blood Transfusion

Prevalence of Antibody to Hepatitis E Virus among Haemodialysis Patients in Taiwan: Possible Infection by Blood Transfusion

Hepatitis E Virus Infection: A General Review with a Focus on Hemodialysis and Kidney Transplant Patients

Community-Based Seroepidemiological Survey of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Catalonia, Spain

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