Present Status of Apheresis Technologies: Part 1. Membrane Plasma Separator

Sueoka, Akinori

doi:10.1111/j.1744-9987.1997.tb00012.x

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In detail, human erythrocytes are larger (7.2 Ìm median diameter) than those of pigs (6.1 Ìm median diameter). Especially the unfavorable relationship between the size of porcine erythrocytes and the large pore size of plasma separation membranes (about 0.5 Ìm) was assumed to increase the risk of mechanically induced hemolysis [32]. Interestingly, we were able to demonstrate that rather high TMP levels when using porcine blood are reversible if albumin is supplemented and the AGR is close to that of human blood.…”

Section: Species and Xenogenic Blood Modelsupporting

confidence: 52%

The Influence of Hypoalbuminemia on Maximal Flow Rates and Transmembrane Pressure during Plasmapheresis – An in vitro Study

et al. 2001

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Background: Plasmapheresis has been used for the treatment of acute liver failure (ALF). In these patients, hypoalbuminemia is often observed. Since albumin improves the disaggregability of erythrocytes, hypoalbuminemia might deteriorate rheology and thus influence the overall performance of plasmapheresis. Methods: Hypoalbuminemia was mimicked by using porcine blood because of its physiologically low albumin/globulin ratio (AGR). Filters (n = 16) were integrated in a closed extracorporeal in vitro system. In the control group (n = 8), native porcine blood (AGR 0.8) was used. In the study group (n = 8), we used porcine blood supplemented with human albumin to obtain the human AGR value of 1.2. Two different heparinization protocols were compared in each group (2.5 IU/ml: n = 4 with albumin and n = 4 without albumin versus 5 IU/ml: n = 4 with and n = 4 without albumin). Results: In both heparinization protocols the higher AGR led to lower transmembrane pressure (TMP) levels compared to the lower AGR. The reduced TMPs enabled higher blood flow and filtration rates. Conclusion: Maintenance of a physiological AGR in ALF patients might improve the performance of plasmapheresis and – as opposed to raised heparinization – contribute to a safer application.

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Section: Species and Xenogenic Blood Modelsupporting

confidence: 52%

The Influence of Hypoalbuminemia on Maximal Flow Rates and Transmembrane Pressure during Plasmapheresis – An in vitro Study

et al. 2001

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“…The speci®cations for dierent plasma®lters described in the review article of Sueoka [9] are based on a completely dierent experimental setting. The ®lter speci®cations that are ®gured out by the companies and presented in their catalogs are commonly performed according to DIN or ISO protocols.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Results With Filter Speci®cations Given Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human erythrocytes are larger (7.2 lm median diameter) than those of pigs (6.1 lm median diameter). Thus, the unfavorable relationship between the size of porcine erythrocytes and the large pore size of plasma separation membranes (about 0.5 lm) may be assumed to increase the risk of mechanically induced hemolysis [9] when porcine blood is used. Nevertheless, we decided to use animal blood from slaughter animals in order to get the possibility to establish an in vitro model with``real''¯ow rates.…”

Section: Species Of the Blood Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When using capillary membrane devices, a low transmembrane gradient is desirable in order to avoid the formation of a secondary protein membrane as well as a mechanical hemolysis of red blood cells in the pores of the membranes [9]. Since the transmembrane pressure (TMP) and maximal blood¯ow and ®ltra-tion rates are substantially in¯uenced by the rheological properties of the patients' blood, the comparison of clinical data is very dicult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maximal flow rates and sieving coefficients in different plasmafilters: Effects of increased membrane surfaces and effective length under standardized in vitro conditions

Unger

Dohmen

Rossaint

2002

J of Clinical Apheresis

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In Europe, capillary membrane filters are the favored method for plasmapheresis and detoxification systems including a plasma separation unit. Using capillary membrane filters clearance depends on the filtration rate and the sieving coefficient (Qs) for the plasma substrates. We investigated whether the increase of the effective membrane surface of plasmafilters enables higher clearance rates than a small plasmafilter. Heparinized porcine blood (5 I.U./l) of healthy pigs was used for an in vitro circuit. Filter types used were from GAMBRO: n = 5 PF1000N (effective membrane surface: 0.15 m(2)), n = 4 PF2000N (0.35) and from ASAHI: n = 4 PLASMAFLO OP-05W (L) (0.5). Spontaneous hemolysis was chosen to indicate the individual threshold limit for maximal flow rates. Sieving coefficient was determined for ten parameters at lowest and highest blood flow (Qb) and filtration rates (Qf). PF1000N enabled maximal flow rates as high as PF2000N and PLASMAFLO (Qb/Qf in ml/min: 200/40). Qs for most substrates were similar between the filter types and the flow rates. Compared to PLASMAFLO, the filter type with the largest membrane surface, the PF1000N provided significantly better Qs for triglycerides and albumin and a trend for a better elimination of cholesterol, GGT, and LDH. The sieving properties of the PF2000N ranged between PF1000N and PLASMAFLO. Under standardized in vitro conditions, the larger plasmafilters tested did not improve the overall performance of the plasmapheresis procedure. Thus, enlargement of the membrane surface such as provided by two commercially available and clinically well-established plasmafilters could not be proven to enable higher clearance rates.

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“…Filtration was the first method to be implemented and involves the removal of all plasma contents using a membrane with large cell-retaining pores measuring 0.2-0.7 µm (compared with dialysis membranes with pores measuring 10 nm) [15]. All large molecules are removed by the filter, including all forms of immunoglobulin with a permeability of 80-100 %.…”

Section: Method: Centrifugation or Filtration?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of therapeutic plasmapheresis in ANCA-associated vasculitis

Walters

2015

Pediatr Nephrol

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Present Status of Apheresis Technologies: Part 1. Membrane Plasma Separator

Abstract: This article is the first of a 4 part series describing currently available apheresis devices and technologies. The sections will include: Part 1, Membrane plasma separator; Part 2, Membrane plasma fractionator; Part 3, Leukocyte filter; and Part 4, Adsorbent.

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

The Influence of Hypoalbuminemia on Maximal Flow Rates and Transmembrane Pressure during Plasmapheresis – An in vitro Study

The Influence of Hypoalbuminemia on Maximal Flow Rates and Transmembrane Pressure during Plasmapheresis – An in vitro Study

Maximal flow rates and sieving coefficients in different plasmafilters: Effects of increased membrane surfaces and effective length under standardized in vitro conditions

Role of therapeutic plasmapheresis in ANCA-associated vasculitis

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