Present Understanding of Electromagnetic Behaviour During Disruptions in Jet

Analytical model of wall forces produced by kink perturbations in tokamaks

“…The sideways force was found to be largest when cs w $ 1, and this was claimed to be in qualitative agreement with the simulations using the M3D code. 17 The proposed formula, however, apparently disagrees with other relevant results [2][3][4][5]7,9,19,23 in the proper limits of ideal wall or no-wall. In particular, the expressions for the force in Refs.…”

“…This is a local volume density of the force, but estimates are typically presented for the net horizontal force [2][3][4][5][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]21,23,30,31 …”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Evaluations for ITER give worrisome numbers at the level of hundred MN. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] There are several approaches [2][3][4][5]7,9,17,19,[21][22][23][24] to calculating the instability-induced electromagnetic forces on the vessel components in tokamaks, but some issues remain unresolved. 13,20 One of them was recently raised in Refs.…”

“…It is known [2][3][4][5]7,8,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]20,22,[33][34][35][36][37] that the force on the wall during the disruptions in tokamaks depends on the halo current, which is the part of the plasma current that flows in the conducting structure and has a return path through the plasma. 14,15,22,33,34 In Ref.…”

Edge plasma boundary layer generated by kink modes in tokamaks

“…In the case of the m/n = 1/1 WTKM the negative Hiro currents in the wall explain the asymmetry in the plasma current measurements in JET [4][5][6]. There is every reason to expect that the same Hiro currents can explain the positive current spike in internal plasma current measurements in conventional disruptions as well.…”