Presentation and outcome of COVID-19 in HIV patients with high viral loads and opportunistic infections: a case series

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is especially severe in patients with underlying chronic conditions, with increased risk of mortality. There is concern that people living with HIV (PLWH), especially those with severe immunosuppression, and COVID-19 may have severe disease and a negative clinical outcome. Most studies on COVID-19 in PLWH are from Asia, Europe and America where population dynamics, antiretroviral treatment coverage and coexisting opportunistic infections may differ from that in sub-Saharan Africa. We report on the clinical profile and outcome of three cases of PLWH co-infected with SARS-CoV-2. They all presented with fever, cough and breathlessness and also had advanced HIV infection as evidenced by opportunistic infections, high HIV viral loads and low CD4 counts. The patients responded favourably to the standard of care and were discharged home. Our findings suggest that PLWH with advanced immunosuppression may not necessarily have an unfavourable disease course and outcome. However, case-controlled studies with a larger population size are needed to better understand the impact of COVID-19 in this patient population.

Clinical and laboratory profile and outcomes of hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ghana – A single‐center study

“…10,11 There are a number of epidemiological studies and case reports on COVID-19 patients in sub-Saharan Africa. [12][13][14][15][16] However, knowledge of the risk factors for severe disease is still evolving. In sub-Saharan Africa and particularly in Ghana, there is scarcity of published literature specifically on the impact of DM on outcomes in COVID-19 patients.…”

“…There are a number of epidemiological studies and case reports on COVID‐19 patients in sub‐Saharan Africa 12–16 . However, knowledge of the risk factors for severe disease is still evolving.…”