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Stevens, Bernard

doi:10.3917/philo.079.0003

Cited by 2 publications

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“…[20] Since diazepam is a compound with relatively low water solubility, solubilization formulations are needed to enable intravenous administration. Consequently, Pharmaceutical Form Line Extensions were introduced on the market, which used mixed micelles of soybean lecithin and glycocholic acid (Valium MM, Roche) [21] and o/w emulsions with egg lecithin as emulsifier [22] (Diazepam-Lipuro, B. Braun Melsungen AG), [23] respectively. Diazepam dissolves in the mixed micelles or the oil phase of the o/w emulsion.…”

Section: Diazepammentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Phospholipids to Make Pharmaceutical Form Line Extensions

Hoogevest

Tiemessen

Metselaar

et al. 2021

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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This review describes the use of phospholipid excipients to make Pharmaceutical Form (Dosage Form) Line Extensions of existing drugs as part of a Product Life Cycle Management. Product examples and development candidates, which show the versatility of phospholipids as key excipients in formulations to develop line extension drug products for any administration route by reformulating existing products, are provided. The resulting patented products enable the application of a drug substance for another administration route or show an increased efficacy and/or reduced toxicity of the formulated drug substances, or enable a more convenient use, through reduction of dosing frequency, or adapt a product for regulatory requirements for specific patient populations. Parenteral line extensions for lipophilic drugs using non‐toxic phospholipid‐based solubilising formulations are clearly an alternative to products with solubilising synthetic detergents with the risk for allergic and anaphylactic reactions. This review draws the attention to academic and industrial formulation scientist to consider using phospholipid excipients to reformulate existing products to improve the product properties by an active product life cycle management. Phospholipids are suitable for this purpose because they are biocompatible, biodegradable, non‐toxic, and available at large scale and of pharmaceutical grade. Besides, they are well known to regulatory authorities.

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Section: Diazepammentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Phospholipids to Make Pharmaceutical Form Line Extensions

Hoogevest

Tiemessen

Metselaar

et al. 2021

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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“…153 In addition, licence-fee damages are no less mysterious for the rights theorist. According to Stevens, damages in tort law are 'substitutive' of the right infringed 154 and are awarded as the 'next best thing' to the right itself. 155 For Goldberg and Zipursky, '[t]ort law permits victims of relational, injury-inclusive wrongs to obtain a court's assistance in redressing the wrongs that have been done to them'.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Heterogeneity of Tort Law

Murphy¹

2019

Oxford Journal of Legal Studies

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This article tests the plausibility of several leading, explanatory theories of tort by reference to the fact that tort law possesses neither the juridical nor the structural unity that the relevant theories ascribe to it. It considers a wide range of tort actions that reveal a much more heterogeneous body of law than any of the targeted theorists admit exists. It concludes that, taken together, tort law’s varying liability bases, its departures from the requirement of a rights infringement, its structural variations and its remedial diversity combine to belie the various reductionist claims the theorists in question make.

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Présentation

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

The Use of Phospholipids to Make Pharmaceutical Form Line Extensions

The Use of Phospholipids to Make Pharmaceutical Form Line Extensions

The Heterogeneity of Tort Law

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