Preservation of endangered species and populations: A role for genome banking, somatic cell cloning, and androgenesis?

Corley-Smith, Graham E.; Brandhorst, Bruce P.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2795(199907)53:3<363::aid-mrd12>3.0.co;2-0

Cited by 67 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…enucleated) eggs of one species with normal sperm of another species. These androgenesis-based nucleocytoplasmic hybrids can be used for regeneration or recovery of extinct or endangered fish genomes using cryopreserved sperm (Corley-Smith and Brandhorst, 1999). One particular problem for the latter application is the fact that the androgenotes have a haploid sperm-derived genome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental potential of embryonic cells in a nucleocytoplasmic hybrid formed using a goldfish haploid nucleus and loach egg cytoplasm

Fujimoto¹,

Saito²,

Sakao³

et al. 2010

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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In teleosts, viable nucleocytoplasmic hybrids, formed by combining a nucleus from one species with the egg cytoplasm of another, have been used as one of the methods for breed improvement in aquaculture, but have been little exploited for developmental biology studies. Here, we used an artificial androgenesis technique to form nucleocytoplasmic hybrids comprising a goldfish haploid nucleus and loach egg cytoplasm. These hybrids were used to investigate interactions between the nucleus and cytoplasm during embryonic development. Additionally, the developmental characteristics of embryonic cells of nucleocytoplasmic hybrids were examined in chimeras produced by transplantation of blastomeres into recipient loach or goldfish embryos. We found that the nucleocytoplasmic hybrids arrested at the dome stage of embryonic development and did not form any gastrula structures. The goosecoid (gsc) and no tail (ntl) genes were expressed normally before gastrulation in nucleocytoplasmic hybrids, similar to diploid loach. However, expression of the gsc and ntl genes was not maintained in nucleocytoplasmic hybrids. In chimeric embryos, blastomeres derived from nucleocytoplasmic hybrids were found to mix with the cells of recipient loach embryos at the gastrula stage. The transplanted blastomeres formed small clusters at the somitogenesis stage and, finally, small spots at the hatching stage. In contrast, when the blastomeres were transplanted into goldfish embryos, the transplanted blastomeres aggregated in the chimeric embryos. Thus, embryonic cells from nucleocytoplasmic hybrids that arrest before gastrulation could survive beyond the somitogenesis stage depending on the cytoplasmic environment in the recipient embryos.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental potential of embryonic cells in a nucleocytoplasmic hybrid formed using a goldfish haploid nucleus and loach egg cytoplasm

Fujimoto¹,

Saito²,

Sakao³

et al. 2010

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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“…Given current trends, many rare or endangered vertebrate species will soon be lost despite efforts to maintain biodiversity via habitat and wildlife conservation. Even when a species is not endangered or threatened, the loss of biological diversity may lead to extinction of subspecies and other valuable genetic populations (Corley-Smith and Brandhorst, 1999). The current method of preserving genetic diversity of endangered species in captivity is through a series of captive propagation programs.…”

Section: Introduction Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning of an Endangered Species (Bos gaurus) Using Interspecies Nuclear Transfer

Lanza

Cibelli

Díaz

et al. 2000

Cloning

329

205

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Approximately 100 species become extinct a day. Despite increasing interest in using cloning to rescue endangered species, successful interspecies nuclear transfer has not been previously described, and only a few reports of in vitro embryo formation exist. Here we show that interspecies nuclear transfer can be used to clone an endangered species with normal karyotypic and phenotypic development through implantation and the late stages of fetal growth. Somatic cells from a gaur bull (Bos gaurus), a large wild ox on the verge of extinction, (Species Survival Plan Ͻ 100 animals) were electrofused with enucleated oocytes from domestic cows. Twelve percent of the reconstructed oocytes developed to the blastocyst stage, and 18% of these embryos developed to the fetal stage when transferred to surrogate mothers. Three of the fetuses were electively removed at days 46 to 54 of gestation, and two continued gestation longer than 180 (ongoing) and 200 days, respectively. Microsatellite marker and cytogenetic analyses confirmed that the nuclear genome of the cloned animals was gaurus in origin. The gaur nuclei were shown to direct normal fetal development, with differentiation into complex tissue and organs, even though the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) within all the tissue types evaluated was derived exclusively from the recipient bovine oocytes. These results suggest that somatic cell cloning methods could be used to restore endangered, or even extinct, species and populations. 79

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“…In the current study, analyzing more than 19 000 spermatozoa from fresh sperm samples with a computer analysis system together with PCA statistics provided enough information to characterize and study the distribution of various morphometric sperm subpopulations in the marmoset. As a consequence, the results obtained in the present study might be useful for biomedical research [18] or could be used as a tool to better understand the sperm variability to preserve the genetic stock from endangered primate species [19]. To date, we are aware of the relationship between the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa and fertility, both in human and in other mammals [20 -25].…”

Section: Subpopulationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Sperm head morphometry in ejaculates of adult marmosets (Callithrix jacchus): A model for studying sperm subpopulations and among-donor variations

et al. 2012

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Preservation of endangered species and populations: A role for genome banking, somatic cell cloning, and androgenesis?

Cited by 67 publications

References 50 publications

Developmental potential of embryonic cells in a nucleocytoplasmic hybrid formed using a goldfish haploid nucleus and loach egg cytoplasm

Developmental potential of embryonic cells in a nucleocytoplasmic hybrid formed using a goldfish haploid nucleus and loach egg cytoplasm

Cloning of an Endangered Species (Bos gaurus) Using Interspecies Nuclear Transfer

Sperm head morphometry in ejaculates of adult marmosets (Callithrix jacchus): A model for studying sperm subpopulations and among-donor variations

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