Preservation of Medicines and Cosmetics

Hiom, Sarah

doi:10.1002/9780470755884.ch14

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Thus, preservatives, such as 2-phenoxyethanol (PE), organic acids isothiazolinones and parabens are used to maintain the function and ensure that the products are safe to use [3]. However, adverse effects have been described for some preservatives used in various formulations including cosmetics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter are agents which themselves have little lethal or inhibitory effects at the concentrations applied, but enhance the efficiency of other preservatives. For example, the chelator EDTA can potentiate the effect of a range of preservatives, such as quaternary ammonium compounds, parabens and phenolics and is therefore often used in cosmetic formulations [3]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethylhexylglycerin Impairs Membrane Integrity and Enhances the Lethal Effect of Phenoxyethanol

Langsrud

Steinhauer²,

Lüthje³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Preservatives are added to cosmetics to protect the consumers from infections and prevent product spoilage. The concentration of preservatives should be kept as low as possible and this can be achieved by adding potentiating agents. The aim of the study was to investigate the mechanisms behind potentiation of the bactericidal effect of a commonly used preservative, 2-phenoxyethanol (PE), by the potentiating agent ethylhexylglycerin (EHG). Sub-lethal concentrations of EHG (0.075%) and PE (0.675%) in combination led to rapid killing of E. coli (> 5 log reduction of cfu after 30 min), leakage of cellular constituents, disruption of the energy metabolism, morphological deformities of cells and condensation of DNA. Used alone, EHG disrupted the membrane integrity even at low concentrations. In conclusion, sub-lethal concentrations of EHG potentiate the effect of PE through damage of the cell membrane integrity. Thus, adding EHG to PE in a 1:9 ratio has a similar effect on membrane damage and bacterial viability as doubling the concentration of PE. This study provides insight about the mechanism of action of a strong potentiating agent, EHG, which is commonly used in cosmetics together with PE.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%