Preserving accurate figures in coating and bonding mirrors for lightweight x-ray telescopes

Chan, Kai-Wing; Zhang, William W.; Sharpe, Marton; Mazzarella, James R.; McClelland, Ryan S.; Biskach, Michael P.; Saha, Timo T.; Kolos, Linette D.; Hong, M.

doi:10.1117/12.2055874

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…An important advantage of the SGO technique is the light weight of the mirrors since their density is only ∼2.5 g/cm 3 . Thermally slumped glass optics have been used for the NuSTAR mission, whose telescopes contain 133 shells of thin glasses [21,22]. During the slumping process, the glass is slumped very slowly onto the convex surface of the mandrel to assume its shape [23].…”

Section: -5mentioning

confidence: 99%

The enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission—eXTP

Zhang

Santangelo

Feroci

et al. 2018

Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron.

271

116

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In this paper we present the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission. eXTP is a space science mission designed to study fundamental physics under extreme conditions of density, gravity and magnetism. The mission aims at determining the equation of state of matter at supra-nuclear density, measuring effects of QED, and understanding the dynamics of matter in strong-field gravity. In addition to investigating fundamental physics, eXTP will be a very powerful observatory for astrophysics that will provide observations of unprecedented quality on a variety of galactic and extragalactic objects. In particular, its wide field monitoring capabilities will be highly instrumental to detect the electro-magnetic counterparts of gravitational wave sources. The paper provides a detailed description of: 1) The technological and technical aspects, and the expected performance of the instruments of the scientific payload; 2) The elements and functions of the mission, from the spacecraft to the ground segment.X-ray instrumentation, X-ray Polarimetry, X-ray Timing, Space mission: eXTP PACS number(s): 95.55. Ka, 95.85.Nv, 95.75.Hi, 97.60.Jd, 97.60.Lf

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Section: -5mentioning

confidence: 99%

The enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission—eXTP

Zhang

Santangelo

Feroci

et al. 2018

Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron.

271

116

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“…Moreover, the resulting stress distribution, thereby distortion, is not reproducible, making it difficult to understand and eliminate. We have found that the most effective method of reducing coating stress is a thermal annealing process following the MS or ALD process [26,27]. All mirrors used in our current development have been coated and annealed this way.…”

Section: Coatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affordable and lightweight high-resolution x-ray optics for astronomical missions

et al. 2014

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Future x-ray astronomical missions require x-ray mirror assemblies that provide both high angular resolution and large photon collecting area. In addition, as x-ray astronomy undertakes more sensitive sky surveys, a large field of view is becoming increasingly important as well. Since implementation of these requirements must be carried out in broad political and economical contexts, any technology that meets these performance requirements must also be financially affordable and can be implemented on a reasonable schedule. In this paper we report on progress of an x-ray optics development program that has been designed to address all of these requirements. The program adopts the segmented optical design, thereby is capable of making both small and large mirror assemblies for missions of any size. This program has five technical elements: (1) fabrication of mirror substrates, (2) coating, (3) alignment, (4) bonding, and (5) mirror module systems engineering and testing. In the past year we have made progress in each of these five areas, advancing the angular resolution of mirror modules from 10.8 arc-seconds half-power diameter reported (HPD) a year ago to 8.3 arc-seconds now. These mirror modules have been subjected to and passed all environmental tests, including vibration, acoustic, and thermal vacuum. As such this technology is ready for implementing a mission that requires a 10-arc-second mirror assembly. Further development in the next two years would make it ready for a mission requiring a 5-arc-second mirror assembly. We expect that, by the end of this decade, this technology would enable the x-ray astrophysical community to compete effectively for a major xray mission in the 2020s that would require one or more 1-arc-second mirror assemblies for imaging, spectroscopic, timing, and survey studies.

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“…For example, on a glass mirror segment with a radius of 250 mm, a length of 200 mm, a angular width of 30°, and a thickness of 0.4 mm, the coating distortion is about 3 µm PV for every 10 nm of Ir deposited. The coated film can be annealed to reduce the internal stress and therefore the mirror's figure can be improved 20,21 . Thermal annealing was shown to be very effective even at temperature as low as 350°C.…”

Section: Adjustment Of Techniques For Silicon Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aligning, bonding, and testing mirrors for lightweight x-ray telescopes

et al. 2015

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High-resolution, high throughput optics for x-ray astronomy entails fabrication of well-formed mirror segments and their integration with arc-second precision. In this paper, we address issues of aligning and bonding thin glass mirrors with negligible additional distortion. Stability of the bonded mirrors and the curing of epoxy used in bonding them were tested extensively. We present results from tests of bonding mirrors onto experimental modules, and on the stability of the bonded mirrors tested in x-ray. These results demonstrate the fundamental validity of the methods used in integrating mirrors into telescope module, and reveal the areas for further investigation. The alignment and integration methods are applicable to the astronomical mission concept such as STAR-X, the Survey and Time-domain Astronomical Research Explorer.

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Preserving accurate figures in coating and bonding mirrors for lightweight x-ray telescopes

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

The enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission—eXTP

The enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission—eXTP

Affordable and lightweight high-resolution x-ray optics for astronomical missions

Aligning, bonding, and testing mirrors for lightweight x-ray telescopes

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