Presidential Leadership Style, Advisory Systems, and Policy Making: Bill Clinton's Administration after Seven Months

Does Context Matter? Advisory Systems and the Management of the Foreign Policy Decision-Making Process

“…Contexts do impose different levels of constraint or acceptability, but the extent to which this is meaningful depends on the type of leader and his or her experiences, interests, personality traits, and cognitive abilities. Leaders vary in terms of their willingness to challenge constraints, their openness to information, and their motivation, and these traits influence not only their choice of management style but also the extent to which they will be responsive to external constraints, be they domestic or international (Hermann 1980;Hermann and Preston 1994;Hermann et al 2001).…”

“…Bill Clinton has been characterized as employing a collegial management style with low centralization during his two terms in office (Burke 2000; Hermann 1994; Mitchell 2005b; Preston 2001), which provides an ideal test case. Compatible with someone who would adopt a collegial advisory system, Clinton is very open to information, which means that he is sensitive to what is going on in his environment.…”

Indira Gandhi: The Relationship between Personality Profile and Leadership Style

“…The study of political leadership style has been the focus of a number of different scholars. (See, for example, Barber (1992); Etheredge (1979); George (1980George ( , 1988; ; George & Stern (1998); Greenstein (1993Greenstein ( /4, 1994Greenstein ( , 1995; Hermann (1977Hermann ( , 1994Hermann ( , 1995; Hermann & Preston (1995); and Renshon (1994Renshon ( , 19951996a,b), who have looked at the American presidency, and Kaarbo (1997) and Kaarbo & Hermann (1998), who have explored prime ministerial leadership style in various European countries.) Attempts have been made as well to explain particular types of leadership style with such antecedents as motives and needs by Walker (1995); Walker and Falkowski (1984); and Winter (1973,1988,1992,1995); character and belief systems by George (1964, 1998);Hermann (1977); and Renshon (1995Renshon ( , 1996; operational codes by George (1979George ( , 1980andWalker (1977, 1995); and personality variables by Immelman (1993Immelman ( , 1998; Simonton (1988); and Winter (1995).…”

Editor's Introduction

“…Weintraub (1986) used a technique employed by authors here to examine Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan, focusing on the public statements they made, in this case in news conferences. Later, a special issue of this journal examined the beginning of President Bill Clinton's first term (Hermann, 1994; Renshon, 1994; Suedfeld, 1994) two of whose authors return to examine another new, young president on whom many hopes rode. The implications of the first President Bush's personality in the context of the Persian Gulf crisis in 1991 was examined by Swansbrough (1994), and more recently Simonton (2006) took a broader view by examining all (then) 42 presidents, showing how individual differences in intelligence correlate with the performance of presidents, as measured by evaluations of presidential leadership.…”