Pressure and temperature induced electrical resistance change in nano-carbon/epoxy composites

Shen, Jiabin; Buschhorn, Samuel T.; Hosson, J.Th.M. De; Schulte, Karl; Fiedler, Bodo

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2015.04.016

Cited by 53 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A review of literature in the field indicates that although the exact loadings are slightly different, other published work agrees with the trends observed, showing lowering resistivity values as temperature is increased for composites with very low CNT contents. An example is found in the properties reported for epoxy-CNT composites containing 0.05 wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.3 wt%, and 0.5 wt% CNTs presented by Shen et al [30]. Work by Sanli et al examined the impact of temperature for thin film epoxy-CNT composites (MWCNTs in epoxy resin L20 with EPH-161 hardener) using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for different CNT wt% finding that a 0.5 wt% sample showed an 11.40% decrease in resistance over a temperature range of 20 to 80 degrees Celsius [31].…”

Section: Imposed Temperature Alteration Using a Hot Platementioning

confidence: 98%

“…An increase in temperature could result in carrier thermal activation and overcoming of the barrier between filler materials which would result in a decrease in resistance. This thermal fluctuation induced tunneling [43] or hopping is proposed as the reason for decreases in impedance for epoxy-CNT composites with 0.5 to 1.0 wt% CNTs by Sanli [31] and as the dominant mechanisms for epoxy-CNT composites with 0.05 to 0.5 wt% by Shen et al [30]. While this mechanism certainly could aid in explaining the resistivity decreases observed with increasing temperature, this mechanism would likely be reversible at the time at which heat is removed.…”

Section: Mechanisms Responsible For the Electrical Properties Trends mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermal expansion differences between CNTs and filler material have been assessed to separate the already connected CNTs or cause a larger gap distance between non-connected CNTs and hence a greater tunneling distance for fillers and a concomitant increase in resistance [30,42]. Specifically, Li et al reported an increase in impedance for MWCNT/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composites with 4% and 6% vol CNTs as temperature is increased to near the composite melting temperature and assess that the reason is due to separation of filler material [42].…”

Section: Mechanisms Responsible For the Electrical Properties Trends mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Current and Temperature on Extremely Low Loading Epoxy-CNT Conductive Composites

et al. 2020

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Carbon nanotube (CNT) conductive composites have attracted significant attention for their potential use in applications such as electrostatic dissipation and/or electromagnetic interference shielding. The focus of this work is to evaluate resistivity trends of extremely low loading (<0.1 wt%) epoxy-CNT composites that lack a connected CNT network, but still present electrical conductivity values appropriate for those uses. The impact of current, temperature, and cycle life on electrical properties are here identified and tied to possible performance limits. At extremely low loadings, the CNT content is not sufficient to form a completely interconnected grid, thus, electrons must travel through insulating media. While still in the semi-conductor range, resistivity values are observed to decrease with increasing direct current and demonstrate a non-ohmic behavior. CNT epoxy composites were subjected to elevated currents and/or temperatures over diverse periods of time to examine impacts on resistivity. Microstructural analyses of composite samples were conducted to observe signs of damage for specimens taken to extreme temperatures/currents. An understanding of the electrical conductivity characteristics of extremely low loading epoxy-CNT composites and their failure mechanisms will aid in understanding risks associated with their use in challenging environments that may include high temperatures, high currents, and/or high frequencies.

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Section: Imposed Temperature Alteration Using a Hot Platementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Mechanisms Responsible For the Electrical Properties Trends mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanisms Responsible For the Electrical Properties Trends mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Current and Temperature on Extremely Low Loading Epoxy-CNT Conductive Composites

et al. 2020

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“…In recent years, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted considerable interest for many industrial applications [1][2][3]. CNTs possess excellent mechanical, electrical, electronic, optical, chemical and thermal properties, which, when combine with their very high aspect ratio and large surface area, have made them an excellent candidate for smart composite materials [4][5][6][7]. In this context, CNT reinforced composite materials have been investigated for smart composite applications such as for gas detection [8], structural integrity self-sensing [9] and actuators [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During room temperature, testing the nanocomposite structure remained stable and showed excellent reproducible results. Shen et al [7] studied changes in electrical resistance of self-sensing CNTs in epoxy nanocomposite during compression testing. They observed that when the compression load increased the electrical resistance of the nanocomposite decreased, thus, indicating that it exhibited a measurable piezoresistive effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Sensing Carbon Nanotube Composites Exposed to Glass Transition Temperature

Jang

2020

Materials

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This paper reported the effect of high temperature on the electro-mechanical behavior of carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced epoxy composites. CNT/epoxy composites were fabricated by dispersing CNTs in the epoxy matrix using a solution casting method. Electrical conductivity measurements obtained for the CNT/epoxy composites indicated a steadily increasing directly proportional relationship with CNT concentration with a percolation threshold at 0.25 wt %, reaching a maximum of up to 0.01 S/m at 2.00 wt % CNTs. The electro-mechanical behavior of CNT/epoxy composites were investigated at a room temperature under the static and cyclic compressive loadings, resulting that the change in resistance of CNT/epoxy composites was reduced as increasing CNT concentration with good repeatability. This is due to well-networked CNTs conducting pathways created within the solid epoxy matrix observed by scanning electron microscopy. Temperature significantly affects the electro-mechanical behavior of CNT/epoxy composites. In particular, the electro-mechanical behavior of CNT/epoxy composites below the glass transition temperature showed the similar trend with those at room temperature, whereas the electro-mechanical behavior of CNT/epoxy composites above the glass transition temperature showed an opposite change in resistance with poor repeatability due to unstable CNT network in epoxy matrix.

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Thermoresistivity of Carbon Nanostructures and their Polymeric Nanocomposites

Avilés

2023

Adv Materials Inter

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Carbon nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and its multi‐layer derivatives exhiibit temperature‐dependent electrical conductivity. They can form percolated networks inside polymers, which render electrical conductivity to nanocomposites. Upon the formation of a percolated network, thermal energy applied to the material drives structural changes of the network, which manifest as changes in electrical conductivity. This principle is used to develop smart materials with self‐sensing temperature capabilities. This critical review covers past and present research on the electrical response to temperature (thermoresistivity) of carbon nanostructures and their polymeric nanocomposites. It covers few‐ and multi‐layer graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon‐nanostructured arrays and fibers (yarns). The mechanisms driving the thermoresistive response of individual nanostructures, their arrays, and of their polymeric nanocomposites are addressed. The role of the nanostructured filler on the thermoresistivity of polymer nanocomposites depends on its morphology and concentration. For low filler concentrations, thermal expansion of the polymer may dominate over the inherent thermoresistivity of the filler. For high filler concentrations, or for densely packed arrays of carbon nanostructures, the inherent (quantum) thermoresistive response of the nanostructures becomes dominant. The review addresses recent progress in the field, highlights current issues, synthesizes published data, and provides outlooks and insights into future directions.

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Pressure and temperature induced electrical resistance change in nano-carbon/epoxy composites

Cited by 53 publications

References 35 publications

Impact of Current and Temperature on Extremely Low Loading Epoxy-CNT Conductive Composites

Impact of Current and Temperature on Extremely Low Loading Epoxy-CNT Conductive Composites

Self-Sensing Carbon Nanotube Composites Exposed to Glass Transition Temperature

Thermoresistivity of Carbon Nanostructures and their Polymeric Nanocomposites

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