Pressure Control in District Metering Areas with Boundary and Internal Pressure Reducing Valves

Ulanicki, Bogumił; AbdelMeguid, Hossam; Bounds, Peter; Patel, Ridwan

doi:10.1061/41024(340)58

Cited by 30 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, for maximum leakage reduction, advanced flow modulated PRVs could be considered. Optimal time schedules can be converted to flow modulation curves by plotting scatter plots of flows against heads more efficiently and timely (Ulanicki et al, 2008). …”

Section: Analysis Of Different Prv Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operational Tools for Decision Support in Leakage Control

Mutikanga

Vairavamoorthy

Sharma

et al. 2011

Water Practice and Technology

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Water utilities particularly in the developing countries are still grappling with challenges of high water losses due to leakage. District Meter Areas, pressure management and network hydraulic modeling have proven to be powerful engineering tools for reducing leakage in many developed countries notably in the UK. Despite their apparent success, these tools have not had wide application in the developing countries partly due to inadequate information on cost-benefit analyses to support management decision making in implementation of pressure management policies. To address this constraint, this paper develops a decision support tool for predicting the associated benefits to make a sound financial case for investment in pressure management strategies. The predicted benefits by the tool are compared with those derived using network hydraulic modeling to give users confidence in the tool results. The predicted benefits are illustrated on a realdeveloping world case study in Kampala city, Uganda. Predictions by the tool and the network hydraulic model indicate that reducing average pressure in the DMA by 7.5 m could result into annual net benefits of Euro 56,190 and Euro 66,910 respectively without compromising the customer level of service. The results obtained indicate that the predicted net financial benefits compare fairly well.One of the main challenges facing water utilities worldwide is the high levels of water losses in the distribution networks. A recent World Bank study estimated that more than 32 billion cubic meters of treated water is lost annually as leakage from urban water supply systems around the world and half of these losses occur in developing countries (Kingdom et al., 2006). The same report estimates the full cost of water losses from urban water utilities in developing countries to be as much as US$5 billion per year. In light of global pressures of growing demand and increasing water scarcity, water utilities particularly in the developing countries need to operate more efficiently for sustainable service delivery.Non-revenue Water (NRW) is reaching alarming levels in many cities of the developing countries notably in Sub-Saharan Africa. A recent performance assessment study on African water utilities reports NRW figures of 40% in Lagos, 55% in Dar-es-salaam, 51% in Nairobi, 58% in Maputo, 52% in Lusaka and 51% in Blantyre among others (WSP, 2009).Water leakage accounts for a significant amount of NRW in many cities of the world. It varies from 3% of the water put into the distribution systems in well managed systems to over 50% in poorly managed systems (Puust et al., 2010). In Kampala, the capital city of Uganda, more than 8 million m 3 of treated water physically leak from the water supply system per year (Mutikanga et al., 2009). Clearly, it is unacceptable, that where public utilities are starving for additional revenues Abstract INTRODUCTION

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Section: Analysis Of Different Prv Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operational Tools for Decision Support in Leakage Control

Mutikanga

Vairavamoorthy

Sharma

et al. 2011

Water Practice and Technology

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show abstract

“…Many studies have shown that pressure management with internal and inlet PRVs is a cost effective and efficient way to reduce leakage levels [19]. Preliminary work on adaptively reconfigurable DMAs [21] has also shown the effectiveness of aggregating DMAs into larger controlled pressure zones during 4am-2am; this is done by controlling the DMA boundary PRVs.…”

Section: Design Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

WaterBox

Kartakis

Abraham

McCann

2015

Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Workshop on Cyber-Physical Systems for Smart Water Networks

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Smart water distribution networks are a good example of a large scale Cyber-Physical System that requires monitoring for precise data analysis and network control. Due to the critical nature of water distribution, an extensive simulation of decision making and control algorithms are required before their deployment. Although some aspects of water network behaviour can be simulated in software such as hydraulic responses in valve changes, software simulators are unable to include dynamic events such as leakages or bursts in physical models. Furthermore, due to safety concerns, contemporary large-scale testbeds are limited to the monitoring processes or control methods with well established safety guarantees. Sophisticated algorithms for dynamic and optimal water network reconfiguration are not yet widespread. This paper presents a small-scale testbed, WaterBox, which allows the simulation of emerging/advanced monitoring and control algorithms in a fail-safe environment. The flexible hydraulic, hardware, and software infrastructure enables a substantial number of experiments. On-going experiments are related to in-node data processing and decision making, energy optimization, event-driven communication, and automatic control.

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“…At regional scale, these include design and operation of water systems under future demand and water availability uncertainty (Chung et al, 2009;Housh et al, 2013), creation of new water resources by producing high quality water from saline or brackish water (Avni et al, 2013) and waste water reclamation (Zhang et al, 2013). At local scale, previous works focus on water distribution system design under demand (Babayan et al, 2005;Perelman et al, 2013) and hydraulic model uncertainty (Fu and Kapelan, 2011;Laucelli et al, 2012), operation for leakage control (Giustolisi et al, 2008;Ulanicki et al, 2008;Price and Ostfeld, 2014), and reduction of potable water demand by on-site graywater reuse (Penn et al, 2013).…”

Section: Graphical Abstract 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diao et al (2014) used network decomposition method to accelerate the hydraulic simulation process by subdividing the network into smaller subnetworks and solving the hydraulic equations of each of the sub-networks independently. Ulanicki et al (2008) applied pressure management schemes to DMA by scheduling the set-point (output) pressures of boundary pressure relief valves which control the inlet pressures to the DMAs. Low operational pressures result in reduced leakage and minimization of the risk of bursts.…”

Section: Graphical Abstract 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated sub-zoning of water distribution systems

Perelman

Allen

Preis

et al. 2015

Environmental Modelling & Software

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Water distribution systems (WDS) are complex pipe networks with looped and branching topologies that often comprise of thousands to tens of thousands of links and nodes. This work presents a generic framework for improved analysis and management of WDS by partitioning the system into smaller (almost) independent sub-systems with balanced loads and minimal number of interconnection. This paper compares the performance of three classes of unsupervised learning algorithms from graph theory for practical sub-zoning of WDS: (1) Global clustering -a bottom-up algorithm for clustering n objects with respect to a similarity function, (2) Community structure -a bottom-up algorithm based on network modularity property, which is a measure of the quality of network partition to clusters versus randomly generated graph with respect to the same nodal degree, and (3) Graph partitioning -a flat partitioning algorithm for dividing a network with n nodes into k clusters, such that the total weight of edges crossing between clusters is minimized and the loads of all the clusters are balanced. The algorithms are adapted to WDS to provide a practical decision support tool for water utilities. Visual qualitative and quantitative measures are proposed to evaluate models' performance. The proposed methods are applied and results are evaluated and compared for two large-scale water distribution systems serving heavily populated areas in Singapore.

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Pressure Control in District Metering Areas with Boundary and Internal Pressure Reducing Valves

Abstract: Despite operational improvements over the last 10-15 years, water utilities

Cited by 30 publications

References 21 publications

Operational Tools for Decision Support in Leakage Control

Operational Tools for Decision Support in Leakage Control

WaterBox

Automated sub-zoning of water distribution systems

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