Studies on the hydrostatic-pressure-dependent optical properties of av ariety of metal-halide perovskites will be discussed below.M etal-halide perovskites (MHPs), which have the general formula ABX 3 [A = Cs + ,C H 3 NH 3 + (methylammonium, MA), HC(NH 3 ) 2 2+ (formamidinium, FA), etc.; B = Pb 2+ ,S n 2+ ,e tc.; and X = Cl, Br, or I],h ave been widely studied because of their tremendous potential for use in many optoelectronic applications,i ncluding solar cells, [18][19][20][21] LEDs, [22][23][24][25][26] photodetectors, [27,28] and scintillators. [29] Thee xceptional optical performance of MHPs can be attributed to their strong optical absorption, [30,31] low exciton binding energy, [32] long exciton diffusion lengths, [33] high carrier mobility, [34,35] defect tolerance, [36][37][38] and facile synthesis. [35,39] Lead-halide perovskites (LHPs) are ac lass of MHPs that have shown great promise as aresult of the abovementioned unique properties and their relatively high stability. [40] LHP NCs are of particular interest because of their extremely bright and narrow photoluminescence (PL) band and the ease of tuning their emission wavelengths by tuning both the halide composition and the size of the NCs. [41][42][43][44][45][46][47] Thef ollowing subsections will outline how the application of hydrostatic pressure alters the optical properties of avariety of LHP NCs.
All-Inorganic CsPbX 3 PerovskitesCs + is acommonly used A-site cation in all-inorganic LHP NCs because its large ionic radius (R A = 1.88 )a llows the formation of astable perovskite phase,asdetermined by the Goldschmidt tolerance factor. [48] CsPbBr 3 NCs have been shown to possess an ear-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), narrow (i.e.8 6meV) full width at half max (FWHM), and superior stability to both CsPbI 3 and CsPbCl 3 . [49,50] When subjected to hydrostatic pressures up to about 1.4 GPa, the PL spectra of CsPbBr 3 NCs was redshifted, widened, and decreased in intensity until ca. 1.3 GPa, at which pressure the PL was sharply quenched (Figure 1). [51] Thea uthors attributed the discontinuity to an isostructural phase transformation of the Pbnm space group. [51] Firstprinciple calculations suggested that the shift in the emission and the phase change were due to pressure-induced variations of the BrÀPb bond lengths and shrinkage of the Pb-Br-Pb bond angles within the lead bromide octahedra. [51] Interest-Angewandte Chemie Kurzaufsätze 9858 www.angewandte.de