Pressure determinations for incompressible fluids and magnetofluids

Abstract

Certain unresolved ambiguities surround pressure determinations for incompressible flows, both Navier-Stokes and magnetohydrodynamic. For uniform-density fluids with standard Newtonian viscous terms, taking the divergence of the equation of motion leaves a Poisson equation for the pressure to be solved. But Poisson equations require boundary conditions. For the case of rectangular periodic boundary conditions, pressures determined in this way are unambiguous. But in the presence of "no-slip" rigid walls, the equation of motion can be used to infer both Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions on the pressure P , and thus amounts to an over-determination. This has occasionally been recognized as a problem, and numerical treatments of wall-bounded shear flows usually have built in some relatively ad hoc dynamical recipe for dealing with it, often one which appears to "work" satisfactorily. Here we consider a class of solenoidal velocity fields which vanish at no-slip walls, have all spatial derivatives, but are simple enough that explicit analytical solutions for P can be given. Satisfying the two boundary conditions separately gives two pressures, a "Neumann pressure" and a "Dirichlet pressure" which differ non-trivially at the initial instant, even before any dynamics are implemented. We compare the two pressures, and find that in particular, they lead to different volume forces near the walls. This suggests a reconsideration of no-slip boundary conditions, in which the vanishing of the tangential velocity at a no-slip wall is replaced by a local wall-friction term in the equation of motion.

Hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic computations inside a rotating sphere

“…Going further with an attempt to implement fully a set of no-slip boundary conditions raises unresolved paradoxes with respect to the pressure determination which we prefer not to confront here (see Refs. [15,16,1] for a discussion of these), believing that their seriousness and intractability require consideration in the context of simpler situations than the present one.…”

A class of resistive axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic equilibria in a periodic cylinder

“…Landau and Lifshitz 1987). A detailed discussion concerning the necessity and the role of boundary conditions in determining pressure can be found in Kress and Montgomery (2000). So the pressure term in the Navier-Stokes equation can be formally rewritten as…”

Orthogonal, solenoidal, three-dimensional vector fields for no-slip boundary conditions

“…They are a necessary ingredient of turbulence closures. Despite some concerns and alternative suggestions (Lamb 1932, Gresho 1991, Kress and Montgomery 2000, Gallavotti 2002, Sbragaglia and Prosperetti 2006, it is generally assumed that viscous fluids obey the no-slip boundary condition. To date, spectral decompositions of viscous turbulence have been applied to only two-dimensional dynamics, ostensibly because of the absence of known explicit three-dimensional, orthogonal spectral decompositions satisfying the no-slip condition.…”