Pressure evaluation of bridge abutment backfill made of waste tyre bales and shreds: Experimental and numerical study

Transp. Infrastruct. Geotech.

Siwowski

2021

Self Cite

The waste tyre-derived products, including whole tyres, tyre bales, shreds, chips, and crumb rubber, have begun to be used in various geotechnical applications. In particular, the use of tyre bales in the construction of a lightweight embankment on the soft ground has the potential to satisfy the demand for low-cost materials exhibiting such beneficial properties. This paper presents the comparison between the common medium sand-filled embankment and two tyre-baled structures with various granular interlayers: medium sand and rubber aggregate. To assess the efficiency of tyre bale application in soft ground conditions, two subsoils were considered in the study: sandy clay and silty clay. The stability and settlement analysis of embankments, as well as subsoil bearing capacity checking, were performed for all structural cases. Bishop’s limit equilibrium slicing method and the finite element method were used in the embankment and subsoil analysis. The comprehensive testing of tyre bales and filling materials was also carried out to obtain the set of parameters used in both analyses. The comparison allowed qualitatively assessing the effectiveness of using waste tyre bales as a filling of road embankment when founded on soft ground. The analysis revealed that the application of tyre bales generally enhanced the embankment stability, effectively reduced the embankment settlement, and reduced the normal stress in the subsoil. In the tyre-baled embankments, the slip surface is located mostly within the embankment slope, showing good rotational stability, independent of subsoil conditions.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stability and Settlement Analysis of a Lightweight Embankment Filled with Waste Tyre Bales over Soft Ground

Transp. Infrastruct. Geotech.

Siwowski

2021

Self Cite

“…Additional effluent, formed in the sludge-well located at the bottom of the test setup (Fig. 4)-as intended for mechanical tests of backfill pressure distribution-was also analysed (Duda & Siwowski, 2020a;Duda & Siwowski, 2020b). Samples there were taken after the first flushing of tyres, and on the last day of the trial.…”

Section: The Impact Of Tyre Bales On Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of material from used car tyres in geotechnics—an environmental impact analysis

Kida

Ziembowicz

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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This work begins with a literature-based discussion of the hazardous-waste problem represented by car tyres as hazardous waste, along with possible ways in which they might be utilised or managed. The impact of the material on the environment is characterised in the process, not least in the context of pollutants leached to the aquatic environment. Input in terms of new research results concerns the impact on water and soil of material from used car tyres being used in geotechnics. Specifically, tyre bales comprising 100–140 car vehicle tyres compressed into a lightweight block and secured by galvanised steel tie wires running around the length and depth of the bale, were researched, having been immersed in basins with alkaline and acidic water following initial preparation and pre-washing. The aim was to in some sense simulate—respectively—conditions in which rain and surface/ground water are involved, or else acid rain. To do that, the tyre bales were placed in the water for 120 days, with emerging leachate analysed after set intervals of time, with a view to changes in key physicochemical parameters of water being noted, as well as signs of the leaching of both undesirable components and priority substances, from tyres into the aqueous medium. Washing of the tyre bales was shown to induce slight pollution of water, with limited exceedance of normative values in respect of OWO content. However, this increase was not due to leaching of the Persistent Organic Pollutants tested for, but may rather have reflected contamination of tyres used, e.g., of soil at the place of previous storage. In general, waste water arising does not therefore contain substances that would stand in the way (legally) of its being discharged into a combined sewer system. Similar conclusions were arrived at through analysis of the leaching of pollutants from tyre bales exposed in the aforementioned pools of water of neutral and acidic reaction. Wastewater arising was not enriched significantly in impurities (be these metals, PAHs, phthalates, selected anions or cations), and there were therefore no exceedances of standards imposed for wastewater discharged to either waters or soil.

“…Waste tyre bales have considerable potential for use in geotechnical applications, particularly where their low density, permeability and ease of handling give them an advantage. The use of lightweight bales in the construction of a lightweight embankment or road foundation over soft ground, the backfilling for retaining structures, and slope stabilisation or landslide repairs has the potential to satisfy the demand for low-cost materials exhibiting such a beneficial property (Zornberg et al [29], Winter et al [26], Bo & Yarde [4], Simm et al [24], Winter et al [27], Duda & Siwowski [5]). Proper design of tyre bale structures requires a reliable strength analysis to ensure an adequate factor of safety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on earth pressure reduction of waste tyre bales used as a backfill for rigid retaining structures

Studia Geotechnica Et Mechanica

Siwowski

2021

Self Cite

Waste tyre-derived products, including whole tyres, tyre bales, shreds, chips and crumb rubber, have been widely used in geotechnical applications. In particular, tyre bales have considerable potential for use in the construction of a lightweight embankment or road foundation over soft ground, slope stabilisation or landslide repairs and the backfilling for retaining structures. Proper design of tyre bale structures requires a reliable strength analysis to ensure an adequate factor of safety. The analysis should utilise the properties of the tyre bales and the baled structures, which must be properly determined. A laboratory test programme was developed to determine the key strength parameters of a backfill made of tyre bales supplemented with a lightweight aggregate. Full-scale direct shear tests were conducted to define the interface shear strength between the tyre bales and the filling material. Earth pressure reduction analysis based on the experimental results was performed as well to assess the effectiveness of waste tyre bales used as a backfill for rigid retaining structures.