Pressure injury prevalence and risk factors in Chinese adult intensive care units: A multi‐centre prospective point prevalence study

Abstract

Despite increasing preventive efforts, pressure injury still occurs in intensive care patients. This study was aimed to describe pressure injury prevalence, risk factors, and prevention practices in adult intensive care patients. This was a multi‐centre, one‐day, prospective point prevalence study in which a total of 198 intensive care units from 21 provinces in China participated. Overall and ICU‐acquired prevalence in intensive care patients were 12.26% and 4.31%, respectively. Consistent with earlier reports, almost half of the ICU‐acquired pressure injuries were at stage I, one‐fourth were at stage 2, and the most common body sites for pressure injuries were sacral and heel region. Risk factors identified were consistent with prior studies. Repositioning was the most commonly used pressure injury prevention strategy, followed by alternating pressure mattresses/overlays, floating heels, and air‐filled mattresses/overlays. These reflect a good level of adherence to recommended international pressure injury prevention clinical practice guidelines. The results provide a baseline reference for overall and ICU‐acquired prevalence among adult intensive care patients in China. Future research on what contributed to the lower pressure injury incidence in China needs to be conducted to inform healthcare organisations on their future preventive strategies for pressure injury prevention.

Piezoelectric Hydrogel for Prophylaxis and Early Treatment of Pressure Injuries/Pressure Ulcers

“…At present, lessening pressure and maintaining a moist microenvironment for skin are the major strategies to prevent PIs/PUs in the clinical field. 10 Various dressings are applied to prevent and manage PIs/PUs for reducing tissue load and internal deformations of the supporting surface. 11,12 Polyurethane and hydrocolloid dressings are common, 13−15 but the hydrocolloid dressing is too stiff and the polyurethane dressing has poor thermal conductivity.…”

“…Compared to the treatment, the early prophylactic intervention of PIs/PUs is the least costly and minimizes patient suffering. At present, lessening pressure and maintaining a moist microenvironment for skin are the major strategies to prevent PIs/PUs in the clinical field . Various dressings are applied to prevent and manage PIs/PUs for reducing tissue load and internal deformations of the supporting surface. , Polyurethane and hydrocolloid dressings are common, − but the hydrocolloid dressing is too stiff and the polyurethane dressing has poor thermal conductivity. , The thermal conductivity and long-term stiffness of hydrogel match those of human skin, demonstrating that the hydrogel dressing has the potential for preventing PIs/PUs.…”

Epidemiology and outcome of pressure injuries in critically ill patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A propensity score adjusted analysis

“…2 A systematic review and meta-analysis reported the upper and lower 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the cumulative incidence were 9.4% to 27.5% 3 in studies using skin inspection (gold standard) to identify pressure injury in the ICU. Pressure injuries occur in ICU patients due to multiple comorbidities, acute clinical conditions, and ICU treatments 4,5,6 . Pressure injury more frequently affects those with acute organ derangements such as cardiovascular instability requiring vasopressor agents and acute respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and sedation, analgesia, and/or neuromuscular blockade agents 7 .…”

Translation and piloting of the Chinese Mandarin version of an intensive care-specific pressure injury risk assessment tool (the COMHON Index)

“…This is of concern given the burdens associated with PI for individuals [ 4 , 5 ] and healthcare facilities [ 6 ]. A secondary analysis of Labeau et al.’s [ 3 ] international point prevalence data found an ICU-acquired prevalence of 4.3% across 198 Chinese ICUs [ 7 ]. Similarly, a study across 12 Chinese hospitals reported a hospital-acquired PI prevalence of 4.5% in an ICU sample of 1,094 [ 8 ].…”