Pressure Management in Water Distribution Systems: Current Status, Proposals, and Future Trends

Vicente, David; Garrote, Luís; Sanchez, Rene; Santillán, David

doi:10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000589

Cited by 107 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…To benefit from these emerging and advanced control schemes, the retrofitting of existing networks with control valves, which provide advanced forms of flow and pressure modulation [41,43], requires the formulation and solution of both design and operational optimization problems. In the present work we focus on the mathematical optimization for network pressure management, minimizing average zone pressure through the optimal placement and operation of pressure control valves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penalty and relaxation methods for the optimal placement and operation of control valves in water supply networks

2016

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In this paper, we investigate the application of penalty and relaxation methods to the problem of optimal placement and operation of control valves in water supply networks, where the minimization of average zone pressure is the objective. The optimization framework considers both the location and settings of control valves as decision variables. Hydraulic conservation laws are enforced as nonlinear constraints and binary variables are used to model the placement of control valves, resulting in a mixed-integer nonlinear program. We review and discuss theoretical and algorithmic properties of two solution approaches. These include penalty and relaxation methods that solve a sequence of nonlinear programs whose stationary points converge to a stationary point of the original mixed-integer program. We implement and evaluate the algorithms using a benchmarking water supply network. In addition, the performance of different update strategies for the penalty and relaxation parameters are investigated under multiple initial conditions. Practical recommendations on the numerical implementation are provided.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penalty and relaxation methods for the optimal placement and operation of control valves in water supply networks

2016

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“…Nevertheless, the use of operational pressure control has proven to be cost-effective for reducing leakage problems [1,6]. Water loss occurs due to the structural deterioration of the pipes [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Recovery Using Micro-Hydropower Technology in Water Supply Systems: The Case Study of the City of Fribourg

Samora

Manso

Franca

et al. 2016

Water

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Abstract:Water supply systems (WWSs) are one of the main manmade water infrastructures presenting potential for micro-hydropower.Within urban networks, local decentralized micro-hydropower plants (MHPs) may be inserted in the regional electricity grid or used for self-consumption at the local grid level. Nevertheless, such networks are complex and the quantification of the potential for micro-hydropower other than that achieved by replacing pressure reducing valves (PRVs) is difficult. In this work, a methodology to quantify the potential for hydropower based on the excess energy in a network is proposed and applied to a real case. A constructive solution is presented based on the use of a novel micro-turbine for energy conversion, the five blade tubular propeller (5BTP). The location of the MHP within the network is defined with an optimization algorithm that maximizes the net present value after 20 years of operation. These concepts are tested for the WSS in the city of Fribourg, Switzerland. The proposed solution captures 10% of the city's energy potential and represents an economic interest. The results confirm the location of PRVs as potential sites for energy recovery and stress the need for careful sensitivity analysis of the consumption. Finally, an expedited method is derived to estimate the costs and energy that one 5BTP can produce in a given network.

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“…For this reason, pressure control is considered as the most effective mean of diminishing leakage in WDSs, in particular for reducing background leakage, which is the most challenging component of water loss to manage [2]. Moreover, decreasing the operating pressure limit can eliminate the risk of pipe bursts [3]. As a result, WDS pressure measurement and control for the purpose of pressure reduction has become a top priority for water utilities and regulators [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Sensor Placement and Pressure Reducing Valve Localization for Pressure Control of Water Distribution Systems

Cao

Hopfgarten

Ostfeld

et al. 2019

Water

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Many studies on pressure sensor (PS) placement and pressure reducing valve (PRV) localization in water distribution systems (WDSs) have been made with the objective of improving water leakage detection and pressure reduction, respectively. However, due to varying operation conditions, it is expected to realize pressure control using a number of PSs and PRVs to keep minimum operating pressure in real-time. This study aims to investigate the PS placement and PRV localization for the purpose of pressure control system design for WDSs. For such a control system, a PS should be positioned to represent the pressure patterns of a region of the WDS. Correspondingly, a PRV should be located to achieve a maximum pressure reduction between two neighboring regions. According to these considerations, an approach based on the k-means++ method for simultaneously determining the numbers and positions of both PSs and PRVs is proposed. Results from three case studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested approach. It is shown that the sensors positioned have a high accuracy of pressure representation and the valves localized lead to a significant pressure reduction.

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Pressure Management in Water Distribution Systems: Current Status, Proposals, and Future Trends

Cited by 107 publications

References 60 publications

Penalty and relaxation methods for the optimal placement and operation of control valves in water supply networks

Penalty and relaxation methods for the optimal placement and operation of control valves in water supply networks

Energy Recovery Using Micro-Hydropower Technology in Water Supply Systems: The Case Study of the City of Fribourg

Simultaneous Sensor Placement and Pressure Reducing Valve Localization for Pressure Control of Water Distribution Systems

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