Pressure measurements during acoustic cavitation by sonoluminescence

Suslick, Kenneth S.; Kemper, Kathleen A.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-0938-3_29

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The current study has focused on molecular SL because SL from atomic emission lines is not as ubiquitous as one might expect. Atomic emission lines have been observed only for MBSL in which high concentrations of metal carbonyls 31,32 or alkali metal salts 33 have been dissolved in the liquid. For the alkali metal salt experiments, it appears that the atomic SL occurs only in the liquid region surrounding the collapsing bubble.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Cavitation Thermometry Using Molecular and Continuum Sonoluminescence

Bernstein¹,

Zakin²,

Flint³

et al. 1996

J. Phys. Chem.

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The use of molecular and continuum emission spectra from multiple bubble (MB) and single bubble (SB) sonoluminescence (SL) is explored as a probe of bubble temperature during cavitational collapse. It is proposed that molecular and continuum SL arise from different chemical pathways, which occur during discrete intervals along the cavitational collapse time line, thus yielding different cavitation temperatures. A coupled bubble dynamics/chemical kinetic model of cavitational collapse is developed and used to explore a variety of proposed molecular SL mechanisms for the C 2 (dfa), CN(BfX), and OH(AfX) emissions. Molecular SL is shown to arise from chemiluminescent reactions of seed molecules (e.g., hydrocarbons, N 2 , H 2 O) and their dissociation products, and occurs during the early and middle stages of cavitational collapse. This emission is broadly characterized as originating from reactions involving singly or multiply bonded molecular precursors with corresponding effective emission temperature ranges of approximately 3000-8000 and 8000-25 000 K, respectively. An analysis of an experimentally observed CN(BfX) MBSL spectrum is reported which is consistent with CN emission occurring over a broad distribution of cavitation temperatures ranging from approximately 5000 to 15 000 K. Continuum SL is attributed to transitions of electrons produced by hightemperature ionization and confined to voids in the dense fluid formed during the latter stages of cavitational collapse. The continuum is similar for both SBSL and MBSL, and is characterized by a temperature range of ≈20 000-100 000 K. The observation of significant molecular emission for MBSL, and not for SBSL, is attributed to the broad distribution of initial bubble sizes for MBSL. In SBSL, a single bubble is repetitively cycled through collapse and reexpansion, and its collapse is driven well into the continuum emission regime. In MBSL, only a small fraction of the bubbles will be driven to this level of collapse, while a much larger fraction will attain only the single or multiple bond chemistry regimes. Thus in MBSL the bubble size distribution averaged emission will tend to enhance the molecular relative to the continuum emission. It is concluded that both SBSL and MBSL are consistent with an adiabatic compressional heating description of bubble collapse.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Cavitation Thermometry Using Molecular and Continuum Sonoluminescence

Bernstein¹,

Zakin²,

Flint³

et al. 1996

J. Phys. Chem.

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“…The liquid phase is the zone where the major part of the sonochemical decomposition of the precursor, tris-μ-[dibenzylideneacetone]dipalladium [Pd 2 (DBA) 3 ], to nanosize palladium particles and free dibenzylidene acetone (DBA) ligands takes place. Presumably, these carbon rich DBA ligands that form may still bind on the freshly formed Pd metal surface metathetically, under our experimental conditions, by undergoing palladium-mediated cracking into atomic carbon atoms and other volatile fragments due to the unusual chemical environment …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

In Situ Preparation of Amorphous Carbon-Activated Palladium Nanoparticles

1997

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Nanostructured particles of amorphous carbon-activated palladium metallic clusters have been prepared (in situ) at room temperature by ultrasound irradiation of an organometallic precursor, tris-μ-[dibenzylideneacetone]dipalladium [(φ-CHCH−CO−CHCH-φ)3Pd2] in mesitylene. Characterization by elemental analysis, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and BET surface area measurements shows that the product powder consists of nanosize particles, agglomerated in clusters of approximately 800 Å. Each particle is found to have a metallic core, covered by a carbonic shell that plays an important role in the stability of the nanoparticles. The catalytic activity in a Heck reaction, in the absence of phosphine ligands, has been demonstrated.

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“…Although there have been several experimental determinations of temperature, the pressure that is attained inside the bubble has not been extensively or convincingly probed. 8,9 On an even more fundamental level, there is still some debate as to whether the emission arises from the gas phase of the bubble or from the liquid shell surrounding the bubble. [9][10][11][12] We report here the high-resolution MBSL spectra arising from the ultrasonic irradiation of metal carbonyls and other volatile metal-containing compounds dissolved in silicone oil saturated with helium or argon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure during Sonoluminescence

2003

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Multibubble sonoluminescence (MBSL) spectra were collected from solutions containing volatile metalcontaining compounds in silicone oil saturated with helium or argon. Ultrasonic irradiation of these solutions at 20 kHz and 90 W/cm 2 led to emission from excited states of the free metal atoms. The widths and peak positions of these lines varied as a function of the gas used to saturate the solution, indicating that the emission was from the gas phase of the bubble. High-resolution MBSL spectra showed that the pressure within the bubble at the point of emission was on the order of 300 bar in argon-saturated silicone oil, which is consistent with simple adiabatic compression during cavitation.

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Pressure measurements during acoustic cavitation by sonoluminescence

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Cavitation Thermometry Using Molecular and Continuum Sonoluminescence

Cavitation Thermometry Using Molecular and Continuum Sonoluminescence

In Situ Preparation of Amorphous Carbon-Activated Palladium Nanoparticles

Pressure during Sonoluminescence

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