Pressure—swirl Atomization Ofwater-in-Oil Emulsions

Injection of Water-in-Oil Emulsion Jets Into a Subsonic Crossflow: An Experimental Study

“…This has already been well documented by past experiments with injecting emulsions in pressure swirl nozzles (Bolszo, 2011;Bolszo et al, 2010;Narvaez et al, 2011). Also, injection as an emulsion results in measured droplet size distribution shifting to larger droplets at locations farthest from the injection wall but with little change near the wall.…”

“…To prevent possible coalescence, a second screen filter was placed 3 mm upstream of the final contraction into the orifice nozzle or 11 mm from the nozzle exit plane. Discrete water droplet distributions were determined to be in the low limit of macroemulsions (1 to 30 µm range) based on experiments comparing performance from stabilized emulsions and unstable emulsions (Bolszo, 2011;Bolszo et al, 2010). Three water mass fractions (Φ) were selected: neat DF2 Φ = 0.00, emulsion with Φ = 0.23, and an emulsion with Φ = 0.38.…”

“…(7)], and Re N were all evaluated in the present work and did not show a significant improvement in overall predictive fit. Of particular interest with emulsions was the increased viscosities due to additional interfacial forces present (Bolszo, 2011;Bolszo et al, 2010). However, this viscosity effect was not shown to be a significant governing variable in impacting the emulsion trajectory.…”

“…10 is therefore explained and sufficiently accounted for by the increase in density from the water addition within the DF2 for the emulsion. Past analyses have identified that the emulsion fluid properties can be represented as deviations from Newtonian flow behavior found for the continuous liquid (DF2) (Bolszo et al, 2010).…”

“…(37), which is able to capture a higher order trend behavior. Results from tests have shown emulsions to both decrease and increase the spray's droplet size depending on emulsion composition and spray properties (Bolszo, 2011;Bolszo et al, 2010). If the water mass fraction is used as an indication of the emulsion discrete mass content, no contribution from the S term should occur at Φ = 0 and Φ = 1.…”