Pressure ulcer and nutrition

Abstract

Pressure ulcers can diminish global life quality, contribute to rapid mortality in some patients and pose a significant cost to health-care organizations. Accordingly, their prevention and management are highly important. Nutritional deprivation and insufficient dietary intake are the key risk factors for the development of pressure ulcers and impaired wound healing. Unplanned weight loss is a major risk factor for malnutrition and pressure ulcer development. Suboptimal nutrition interferes with the function of the immune system, collagen synthesis, and tensile strength. No laboratory test can exactly define an individual's nutritional status. Although serum albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, and retinol-binding protein as well as anthropometric measures such as height, weight, and body mass index and the other laboratory values may be suitable to establish the overall prognosis, still they might not well represent the nutritional status. Although the ideal nutrient intake to encourage wound healing is unknown, increased needs for energy, protein, zinc, and Vitamins A, C, and E and also amino acids such as arginine and glutamine have been documented. Hydration plays a vital role in the preservation and repair of skin integrity. Dehydration disturbs cell metabolism and wound healing. Adequate fluid intake is necessary to support the blood flow to wounded tissues and to prevent additional breakdown of the skin. The main aim of the present article is to review the current evidence related to hydration and nutrition for bedsore prevention and management in adults.

Selected Biochemical Blood Parameters and a Risk of Pressure Ulcers in Patients Receiving Treatment in Intensive Care Units

“…It is estimated that 35–55% of patients admitted to hospitals are malnourished and approximately 20% of these require immediate nutritional therapy [ 4 , 10 ]. Monitoring of selected biochemical parameters as well as ongoing assessment of patients for a risk of pressure ulcers, with the use of recommended scales, contribute to decreased risk of pressure ulcers and complications [ 11 ]. By implementing personalised nutritional care, it is possible to prevent the adverse effects of malnutrition, while early diagnosis of the problem should be considered among priority tasks to be handled by medical personnel [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 12 ].…”

An exploratory study of risk factors for pressure injury in patients undergoing spine surgery

“…Proteins are generally known as indicators of a patient’s nutritional status and play an important role in healing damaged skin by affecting collagen synthesis, activation of the immune system, and fibroblast proliferation [ 16 ]. Among all plasma proteins, albumin has the largest proportion.…”

“…In the cases of pressure injuries occurred within a relatively short period of time as like as intraoperative period, preoperative risk factors such as plsma protein level rather than intraoperative factors may be more closely related to the pressure injury. Although further follow-up studies are needed to prove this assumption, it is believed that the patient's nutritional status and fluid status related to colloid oncotic pressure have a substantial influence on the incidence of pressure injury [ 10 , 16 ]. Therefore, proper correction of plasma protein level before surgery is very important in preventing pressure injuries.…”

The Effect of Position Time on the Formation of Pressure Ulcer in Bedridden Patients

“…28 Genel olarak hareketsizlik, bir basınç yarası gelişimi için ana faktör olarak kabul edilmektedir. 29…”