Pressure ulcers and acute risk factors in individuals with traumatic spinal fractures with or without spinal cord injuries: A prospective analysis of the National Spinal Column/Cord Injury Registry of Iran (NSCIR-IR) data

Association between hypertension and pressure ulcer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…To detect the source of heterogeneity that affects the pooled effect size of association between hypertension and PU, subgroup analyses were performed on patient source, research design and primary disease (Table 2 ). In the subgroup analysis of patient source, the meta‐analysis results indicated no significant association between hypertension and PU in Asia group (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.83–1.50, I 2 = 63%, p = 0.46) 11 , 12 , 17 , 20 , 22 , 24 , 25 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 and Non‐Asia group (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.75–1.94, I 2 = 88%, p = 0.45). 10 , 18 , 19 , 21 , 23 , 26 In the subgroup analysis of study design, the results also showed no significant association between hypertension and PU in cohort study (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.84–1.61, I 2 = 63%, p = 0.36) 10 , 11 , 17 , 21 , 22 , 27 , 28 , 31 , 32 and case–control study (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.79–1.64, I 2 = 82%, p = 0.49).…”

“…In the subgroup analysis of patient source, the meta‐analysis results indicated no significant association between hypertension and PU in Asia group (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.83–1.50, I 2 = 63%, p = 0.46) 11 , 12 , 17 , 20 , 22 , 24 , 25 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 and Non‐Asia group (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.75–1.94, I 2 = 88%, p = 0.45). 10 , 18 , 19 , 21 , 23 , 26 In the subgroup analysis of study design, the results also showed no significant association between hypertension and PU in cohort study (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.84–1.61, I 2 = 63%, p = 0.36) 10 , 11 , 17 , 21 , 22 , 27 , 28 , 31 , 32 and case–control study (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.79–1.64, I 2 = 82%, p = 0.49). 12 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 29 , 30 Due to the primary disease difference, subgroup analysis was performed based on primary disease, and the results showed that there was a significant association between hypertension and PU in COVID‐19 patients(OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.35–2.22, I 2 = 0%, p < 0.0001), 10 , 21 , 26 whereas no association was found in str...…”

“… 12 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 29 , 30 Due to the primary disease difference, subgroup analysis was performed based on primary disease, and the results showed that there was a significant association between hypertension and PU in COVID‐19 patients(OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.35–2.22, I 2 = 0%, p < 0.0001), 10 , 21 , 26 whereas no association was found in stroke patients(OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.29–2.18, I 2 = 72%, p = 0.66), 24 , 30 geriatric disease (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.78–2.24, I 2 = 0%, p = 0.30), 20 , 23 , 28 ICU patients(OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.56–1.42, I 2 = 61%, p = 0.62) 17 , 22 , 31 , 32 and surgical patients (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.70–1.73, I 2 = 82%, p = 0.68). 11 , 12 , 18 , 19 , 25 , 27 , 29 The impact of heterogeneity slightly decreased for the subgroup of primary disease, which indicated that primary disease might be the source of heterogeneity.…”

“…Pooled result from meta-analysis showed that there was no significantly statistical association between hypertension and the risk of PU (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.90-1.47, p = 0.27, Figure 2). [10][11][12][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 3, the results of sensitivity analysis using the leave-one-out strategy showed that the pooled result of the current meta-analysis was robust.…”

“…I 2 = 72%, p = 0.66), 24,30 geriatric disease (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.78-2.24, I 2 = 0%, p = 0.30), 20,23,28 ICU patients(OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.56-1.42, I 2 = 61%, p = 0.62) 17,22,31,32 and surgical patients (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.70-1.73, I 2 = 82%, p = 0.68). 11,12,18,19,25,27,29 The impact of heterogeneity slightly decreased for the subgroup of primary disease, which indicated that primary disease might be the source of heterogeneity.…”