Presynaptic effects of spider toxins: Increase of high affinity uptake in the arthropod peripheral glutamatergic system

Marle, J. van; Piek, T.; Karst, H.; Lind, A.; Weeren-Kramer, J. van

doi:10.1007/bf01954856

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Some purified neurotoxins are directed against essential components of the nervous system, such as glutamate receptors and ion channels (Anis et al ., 1990; Usherwood & Blagbrough, 1991; Blagbrough et al ., 1992; Green et al ., 1996). Acylpolyamines from wasp venom have been shown to inhibit glutamate uptake in insect neuromuscular synapses (van Marle et al ., 1984, 1986) and from a spider venom to increase glutamate uptake (van Marle et al ., 1989). The ω‐agatoxins and the ω‐conotoxins, peptides isolated from Agelenopsis aperta spider venom and Conus marine snail venom, respectively, distinguish some calcium channel subtypes (Olivera et al ., 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification of a neuroprotective component of Parawixia bistriata spider venom that enhances glutamate uptake

Fontana

Guizzo

Beleboni

et al. 2003

British J Pharmacology

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1 In this study, we examined the effects of crude venom from the spider Parawixia bistriata on glutamate and GABA uptake into synaptosomes prepared from rat cerebral cortex. Addition of venom to cortical synaptosomes stimulated glutamate uptake and inhibited GABA uptake in a concentration-dependent manner. 2 The venom was fractionated using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a preparative column. The fraction that retained glutamate uptake-stimulating activity was further purified on a reverse-phase analytical column followed by ion-exchange chromatography. 3 The active fraction, referred to as PbTx1.2.3, stimulated glutamate uptake in synaptosomes without changing the K M value, and did not affect GABA uptake. Additional experiments showed that the enhancement of glutamate uptake by PbTx1.2.3 occurs when ionotropic glutamate receptors or voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels are completely inhibited or when GABA receptors and potassium channels are activated, indicating that the compound may have a direct action on the transporters. 4 In an experimental model for glaucoma in which rat retinas are subjected to ischemia followed by reperfusion, PbTx1.2.3 protected neurons from excitotoxic death in both outer and inner nuclear layers, and ganglion cell layers. 5 This active spider venom component may serve as a basis for designing therapeutic drugs that increase glutamate clearance and limit neurodegeneration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification of a neuroprotective component of Parawixia bistriata spider venom that enhances glutamate uptake

Fontana

Guizzo

Beleboni

et al. 2003

British J Pharmacology

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“…It has been reported previously that some arthropod venoms can act by means of a combination of presynaptic and postsynaptic neuromuscular blockade. 14 Some authors emphasize that it is not the mechanism alone but rather its combination with specific host conditions that produces such an effect. 7,11 The development of acute renal failure in our patient after wasp sting has been described previously 15 and is related to acute tubular necrosis, acute interstitial nephritis, or pigment nephropathy resulting from rhabdomyolysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral Ptosis in a Child Following Massive Attack by a Swarm of Wasps

et al. 2011

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“…The excitatory glutamatergic neuromuscular transmission of insects is antagonized by the venom and by its most active toxin (philanthotoxin 4.3.3, Figure 1) through two different effects. Firstly by a presynaptic inhibition of the high affinity glutamate uptake (1)(2)(3)(4) and secondly by a block of open ion channels of the glutamate receptorionophore complex (4,5). The same toxin was isolated from the venom of an African subspecies of this wasp: P.t.…”

Section: The Reversible Non-competitive Block Of Synaptic Transmissiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Arthropod-Derived Neurotoxic Insecticides

Piek

1993

ACS Symposium Series

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Many hymenopteran insects incapacitate their prey by means of a neurotoxin. The glutamatergic excitatory neuromuscular transmission and the nicotinic excitatory synaptic transmission of insects is reversibly blocked by philanthotoxins, as well as by structurally related polyamine toxins isolated from spider venoms. These polyamine toxins are cation channel blockers or change at least the glutamatergic channel kinetics. They therefore are not receptor specific and are, for example, also active at the nicotinic receptors in the insect brain, albeit at higher concentrations. Poneratoxin, a 25 amino acid residue polypeptide isolated from an ant venom, is the first described hymenopteran neurotoxin affecting excitability of nerve and muscle fibres by changing the kinetics of the voltage-dependent sodium channel. The nicotinic synaptic transmission in the insect central nervous system (CNS) is presynaptically and irreversibly blocked by kinins, which probably cause transmitter depletion. Besides this delayed effect the carbohydrate-containing vespulakinins also show a direct and reversible inhibition of the synaptic transmission. Criticism on the possibilities to use venom toxins as leads in pesticide science has been, that these compounds have to be injected into the body or the CNS. For primary synthesis products the incorporation of the genetic codes into entomophilic viruses could solve this problem.Several groups of hymenopteran insects, like wasps and ants, sting their prey to a paralysis or only to a behaviourial inactivation, in order to offer the prey to the own offspring as an incapacitated, but living fresh source of food. These insects have developed venoms containing natural insecticides. The ideas of the 1980 f s included the possibility of using natural neurotoxins from arthropods as leads to new pesticides (4,(41)(42)(43).

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Presynaptic effects of spider toxins: Increase of high affinity uptake in the arthropod peripheral glutamatergic system

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Purification of a neuroprotective component of Parawixia bistriata spider venom that enhances glutamate uptake

Purification of a neuroprotective component of Parawixia bistriata spider venom that enhances glutamate uptake

Bilateral Ptosis in a Child Following Massive Attack by a Swarm of Wasps

Arthropod-Derived Neurotoxic Insecticides

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