Prethermal Phases of Matter Protected by Time-Translation Symmetry

Else, Dominic V.; Bauer, Bela; Nayak, Chetan

doi:10.1103/physrevx.7.011026

Cited by 358 publications

(522 citation statements)

References 105 publications

(160 reference statements)

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“…Another possibility is that the observed DTC falls into the short time regime before reaching the prethermal state, as suggested in Ref. 26 . Clearly, by tuning driving frequency and other couplings, the complex interplay between interactions and disorder may either further strengthen DTC behavior or lead to competing phases 28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Prethermal time crystals in a one-dimensional periodically driven Floquet system

Zeng

Sheng

2017

Phys. Rev. B

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Motivated by experimental observations of time-symmetry breaking behavior in a periodically driven (Floquet) system, we study a one-dimensional spin model to explore the stability of such Floquet discrete time crystals (DTCs) under the interplay between interaction and the microwave driving. For intermediate interactions and high drivings, from the time evolution of both stroboscopic spin polarization and mutual information between two ends, we show that Floquet DTCs can exist in a prethermal time regime without the tuning of strong disorder. For much weak interactions the system is a symmetry-unbroken phase, while for strong interactions it gives its way to a thermal phase. Through analyzing the entanglement dynamics, we show that large driving fields protect the prethermal DTCs from many-body localization and thermalization. Our results suggest that by increasing the spin interaction, one can drive the experimental system into optimal regime for observing a robust prethermal DTC phase.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Prethermal time crystals in a one-dimensional periodically driven Floquet system

Zeng

Sheng

2017

Phys. Rev. B

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“…[10][11][12][13]. References [14][15][16][17] even showed that a driven disordered system in one dimension (1D) could spontaneously break the discrete time translation symmetry, forming the long-sought-after time crystal, while Refs. [18][19][20] showed that a periodic drive can delocalize a many-body localized system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topological Frequency Conversion in Strongly Driven Quantum Systems

2017

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When a physical system is subjected to a strong external multifrequency drive, its dynamics can be conveniently represented in the multidimensional Floquet lattice. The number of Floquet lattice dimensions equals the number of irrationally-related drive frequencies, and the evolution occurs in response to a built-in effective "electric" field, whose components are proportional to the corresponding drive frequencies. The mapping allows us to engineer and study temporal analogs of many real-space phenomena. Here, we focus on the specific example of a two-level system under a two-frequency drive that induces topologically nontrivial band structure in the 2D Floquet space. The observable consequence of such a construction is the quantized pumping of energy between the sources with frequencies ω 1 and ω 2 . When the system is initialized into a Floquet band with the Chern number C, the pumping occurs at a rate P 12 ¼ −P 21 ¼ ðC=2πÞℏω 1 ω 2 , an exact counterpart of the transverse current in a conventional topological insulator.

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“…Note that the system is assumed to be in a localized phase [33,34,36,37] or to have long-range interactions [38][39][40]. Otherwise, the DTC order only exists in a prethermalized regime [41,42] since the system will eventually be heated to a featureless infinite-temperature state due to persistent driving [43][44][45].While remarkable progresses are being made concerning the DTC phase, most studies focus on isolated systems. Indeed, as has been experimentally observed [37,38] and theoretically investigated [46], the DTC order in an open system is usually destroyed by decoherence.…”

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confidence: 99%

Discrete Time-Crystalline Order in Cavity and Circuit QED Systems

2018

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Discrete time crystals are a recently proposed and experimentally observed out-of-equilibrium dynamical phase of Floquet systems, where the stroboscopic evolution of a local observable repeats itself at an integer multiple of the driving period. We address this issue in a driven-dissipative setup, focusing on the modulated open Dicke model, which can be implemented by cavity or circuit QED systems. In the thermodynamic limit, we employ semiclassical approaches and find rich dynamical phases on top of the discrete time-crystalline order. In a deep quantum regime with few qubits, we find clear signatures of a transient discrete time-crystalline behavior, which is absent in the isolated counterpart. We establish a phenomenology of dissipative discrete time crystals by generalizing the Landau theory of phase transitions to Floquet open systems.Introduction.-Phases and phase transitions of matter are key concepts for understanding complex many-body physics [1,2]. Recent experimental developments in various quantum simulators, such as ultracold atoms [3,4], trapped ions [5,6] and superconducting qubits [7,8], motivate us to seek for quantum many-body systems out of equilibrium [9][10][11], such as many-body localized phases [12][13][14][15][16][17] and Floquet topological phases [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].In recent years, much effort has been devoted to periodically driven (Floquet) quantum many-body systems that break the discrete time-translation symmetry (TTS) [26]. In contrast to the continuous TTS breaking [27][28][29] that has turned out to be impossible at thermal equilibrium [30,31], the discrete TTS breaking has been theoretically proposed [32][33][34][35][36] and experimentally demonstrated [37,38]. Phases with broken discrete TTS feature discrete time-crystalline (DTC) order characterized by periodic oscillations of physical observables with period nT , where T is the Floquet period and n = 2, 3, · · · . The DTC order is expected to be stabilized by many-body interactions against variations of driving parameters. Note that the system is assumed to be in a localized phase [33,34,36,37] or to have long-range interactions [38][39][40]. Otherwise, the DTC order only exists in a prethermalized regime [41,42] since the system will eventually be heated to a featureless infinite-temperature state due to persistent driving [43][44][45].While remarkable progresses are being made concerning the DTC phase, most studies focus on isolated systems. Indeed, as has been experimentally observed [37,38] and theoretically investigated [46], the DTC order in an open system is usually destroyed by decoherence. On the other hand, it is known that dissipation and decoherence can also serve as resources for quantum tasks such as quantum computation [47] and metrology [48]. From this perspective, it is natural to ask whether the DTC order exists and can even be stabilized in open systems [49]. Such a possibility has actually been pointed out in Ref. [41], but neither a detailed theoretical model nor a concrete experimental imp...

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Prethermal Phases of Matter Protected by Time-Translation Symmetry

Cited by 358 publications

References 105 publications

Prethermal time crystals in a one-dimensional periodically driven Floquet system

Prethermal time crystals in a one-dimensional periodically driven Floquet system

Topological Frequency Conversion in Strongly Driven Quantum Systems

Discrete Time-Crystalline Order in Cavity and Circuit QED Systems

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