Pretreatment Natural History of Cocaine Addiction: Preliminary 1 -Year Followup Results

Intensity of drug injection as a determinant of sustained injection cessation among chronic drug users: the interface with social factors and service utilization

“…The positive association between crack use and injection cessation could reflect a progressive shift from intravenous cocaine to crack, as suggested in studies on the natural history of cocaine addiction [28]. In the best case scenario, this shift could represent a voluntary harm reduction decision to avoid parenteral exposure to bloodborne pathogens, or to progressively decrease cocaine use.…”

Epidemiological estimates of risk in the process of becoming dependent upon cocaine: cocaine hydrochloride powder versus crack cocaine

“…For example, among cocaine users recruited from jail, treatment, or street samples, those smoking crack report more rapid escalation in frequency of use, as compared to those taking cocaine independently (e.g. see Pottieger et al 1992;Khalsa et al 1993;Gossop et al 1994). Moreover, in controlled laboratory studies with samples of experienced cocaine users, the subjects like and prefer smoked cocaine even when intraindividual variations and drug dosages are controlled (e.g.…”

The Context of Development for Young Children from Cocaine-Abusing Families

“…The cocaine abusing adult may be a productive, regular member of the work force or professional community, or the abuser may be a high school dropout, unemployed, single mother of five. He or she may have sustained years of heavy use with little visible effect or be seriously physically and psychologically ill after only a fewyears of use (Khalsa, Anglin, Paredes, Potepan, & Potter, 1993). The addicted adult may have tried repeatedly to stop his or her use or adamantly refused to acknowledge his or her degree of dependence or accept any intervention.…”