Pretreatment of waste frying oil with high levels of free fatty acids for biodiesel production

Banani, Ridha; Abderrabba, Manef; Bezzarga, Mounir

doi:10.1109/irec.2014.6827036

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A high FFA content (>%1) will lead to soap formation and the separation of products will be exceedingly difficult thus resulting to low yield of biodiesel [26,27]. Also, FFA can cause high losses of neutral oil due to saponification and emulsification during neutralization step [27]. These deficiencies justified the pretreatment (esterification) of the WCO to reduce the FFA…”

Section: Reaction Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Cooking Oil Using Periwinkle Shells as Catalyst

Okoye

Okey-Onyesolu

Nwokedi

et al. 2020

JENRR

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Waste materials such as periwinkle shells (PS) and waste cooking oil (WCO) were considered as heterogeneous catalyst and renewable feedstock for biodiesel production respectively in line with the current search for alternatives of the environmentally unfriendly and gradually depleting fossil fuel. PS were size reduced and calcined at 673K for 4 hours to remove carbonaceous and volatile matter in the sample. Physicochemical analyses on the WCO revealed high FFA (2.81%) therefore the need for esterification (0.42%). One factor at a time (OFAT) results show that methanol to oil ratio, catalyst loading, reaction temperature and time had significant effect on the biodisel yield. The transesterification reaction kinetics data was modelled using the zero-order, pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models. The results presented from the error functions: root mean square error (RMSE), chi-square (χ2), mean absolute error(MAE) and coefficient of determination (R2) adjudged that the pseudo-first order model best described the process. An activation energy of 16.47 KJ/mol was obtained. Gas chromatography result revealed that a biodiesel yield of 73.92% was achieved at 8:1 methanol to oil ratio, 1% catalyst loading, 300 rpm stirring speed, 333K reaction temperature and 90 minutes contact time. The findings suggest potentials of PS as a viable catalyst for biodiesel production.

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Section: Reaction Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Cooking Oil Using Periwinkle Shells as Catalyst

Okoye

Okey-Onyesolu

Nwokedi

et al. 2020

JENRR

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“…Biodiesel fuel is produced from different edible and nonedible oil such as groundnut oil, palm oil, coconut oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, castor oil, and rapeseed oil and the non-edible oil are waste cooking oil, oil extracted from waste crops etc. [17]. It is reported that alkali catalyst is sensitive to free fatty acid in feedstock used for biodiesel production and thus oil such as (Pure vegetable oil) with less than 1 wt% free fatty acid is required as the feedstocks, para venture the oil selected for the production of biodiesel contain high free fatty acid, an esterification process must be applied in order to eliminate or reduce the free fatty acid before proceeding to the transesterification process [18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Openmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is reported that alkali catalyst is sensitive to free fatty acid in feedstock used for biodiesel production and thus oil such as (Pure vegetable oil) with less than 1 wt% free fatty acid is required as the feedstocks, para venture the oil selected for the production of biodiesel contain high free fatty acid, an esterification process must be applied in order to eliminate or reduce the free fatty acid before proceeding to the transesterification process [18][19][20][21]. It is observed that the cost of biodiesel production using pure refined oil as feedstock is more expensive than petroleum-derived diesel and this is due to the high cost of the refined oil used as feedstocks [17,22,23].The use of waste frying oil (vegetable and palm oil) as feedstock to replace refined vegetable oil in biodiesel production is an alternative way to reduce the feedstock cost and also using the waste oil will solve the problem of waste disposal in the environmental [24][25][26]. Waste frying oil (Vegetable and palm oil) is defined as used frying oil (Vegetable and palm oil) obtained from frying process.…”

Section: Openmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The esterification reaction was done according to the procedure reported by Ridha et al [17]. 100 ml of waste frying oil (WFVO and WFPO) were measure and heated at 60°C, then sulphuric acid (0.14 ml) and methanol (55 ml) were added to the waste frying oil, the mixture was poured into around bottom flasks and then stirred with magnetic stirrer at 800 rpm for 60 min thereafter the mixture was allowed to settle in a separation funnel for 2 hr in order to achieve 2 distinct liquid phases (water at the top and preheated oil at the bottom) ( Figure 3).…”

Section: Deacidification Of Waste Frying Oil By Esterification Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Process Parameter Estimation of Biodiesel Production from Waste Frying Oil (Vegetable and Palm oil) using Homogeneous Catalyst

Oa¹,

Ao²,

Se³

2019

J Food Process Technol

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Biodiesel from waste frying oil is an effective alternative fuel for conventional diesel and can be directly used as fuel in a diesel engine without any modifications to the engine. It has many positives like high biodegradability, reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, non-sulfur emissions, non-particulate matter pollutants, low toxicity, and excellent lubricity and is obtained from renewable source like vegetable oils, animal fat, etc. The major objectives of this work were to produce and compare the biodiesel yield from Waste Frying Vegetable Oil (WFVO) and Waste Frying Palm Oil (WFPO) using transesterification process. The physicochemical characterization of the biodiesel, as well as the effects of process variables on biodiesel yield, were evaluated. Also, optimum levels of process conditions for optimum production of biodiesel were determined. The WFVO and WFPO with methanol and catalyst were heated in a hot plate-magnetic stirrer at a temperature of 60°C and operated at 300 rpm. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) was used as catalyst. The one-factor-at-a-time method was used to select the optimum levels of process variable that gives high biodiesel yield. The results showed that the physicochemical characteristics (acid value, free fatty acid, density, kinematic viscosity, pour point and flash point) of the biodiesel obtained from WFVO and WFPO were within the standard value of EN14214 and ASTMD-6751.From the results, the possible optimum conditions of the process variables for transesterification process using KOH catalyst were found to be as follows: reaction time of 90 min, methanol to oil molar ratio of 12:1 and the catalyst loading of 1.5 wt%. At these optimum conditions, the optimum yield of biodiesel obtained from transesterification of WFVO and WFPO were found to be 97% and 90%, respectively. Thus, in comparison, the transesterification of WFVO resulted in higher biodiesel yield than WFPO. Conclusively, both WFVO and WFPO has good potential to be used for bio-diesel production.

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“…These microorganisms secrete lipase during their metabolism, which activates the hydrolysis of palm oil triglycerides and increases FFA content. Lipases catalyze various reactions such as hydrolysis of triglycerides, esterification and transesterification of lipids (Demirbas, 2009;Ridha et al, 2015). Lipolytic activity of fungi like Aspergillus sp, Mucor sp and Penicillium sp has been demonstrated on rotten oil palm spikelets (Khan et al, 2005).…”

Section: Influence Of Microorganisms On Palm Oil Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of main factors affecting palm oil acidity within the smallholder oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) sector in Cameroon

Constant¹,

Godswill²,

Frank³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Food Sci.

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Crude palm oil from the mesocarp of Elaeis guineensis Jacq fruits is one of the most consumed vegetable oil in the world. The quality of palm oil assessed mainly by its free fatty acids (FFA) content and impurities, varies between the artisanal and industrial extraction and supply systems. The objective of this paper is to highlight the main parameters that influence the acidity or FFA content of crude palm oil produced by the smallholder artisanal sector. Three parameters examined are: crude palm oil production and extraction methods, microbial activity and oil palm genotype. These three parameters strongly increase lipase activity and hence palm oil acidity. In addition to endogenous lipase in fruit mesocarp, microorganisms found in palm oil are also involved in lipase activity e.g. Aspergillus sp, Mucor sp, Penicillium and Candida for fungi; and bacteria such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus and Enterobacter. To improve the quality of palm oil, smallholders must first seek oil palm progenies with low acidity oil and respect the standard cultural practices for palm oil production.

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Pretreatment of waste frying oil with high levels of free fatty acids for biodiesel production

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Cooking Oil Using Periwinkle Shells as Catalyst

Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Cooking Oil Using Periwinkle Shells as Catalyst

Process Parameter Estimation of Biodiesel Production from Waste Frying Oil (Vegetable and Palm oil) using Homogeneous Catalyst

A review of main factors affecting palm oil acidity within the smallholder oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) sector in Cameroon

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