CO oxidation is one of the most important catalytic reactions owing primarily to its relevance in practical applications in carexhaust emission control, [1] fuel cells, [2] and air purification. [3][4] Meanwhile, scientifically, it is one of the simplest catalytic reactions and thus is widely used as a model system to understand heterogeneous catalysis. [5][6][7][8] Gold nanoparticles deposited on various metal oxides that show high activity for CO oxidation have aroused tremendous interest since Haruta et al. reported that gold nanoparticles show high activity for CO oxidation. [9][10][11] Owing to the high cost of gold-based catalysts, other alternatives would be highly desirable. [12][13][14][15][16][17] As an alternative, Co 3 O 4 has been also been considered as a catalyst for CO oxidation. [12,13,18,19] Many groups have tried to control the shape of the catalyst to obtain higher catalytic efficiency, since the activity for CO oxidation strongly depends on the exposed specific crystal planes. [12,19] Moreover, several groups have synthesized small Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles that displayed much higher catalytic activity, [13,18] Figure 1 are the as-synthesized Co(CO 3 ) 0.5 -(OH)·0.11 H 2 O nanowires with the addition of NaI. The crystal phase of the as-synthesized product is determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), with the result shown in Figure 1 a. All the identified peaks can be assigned to pure orthorhombic Co-(CO 3 ) 0.5 (OH)·0.11 H 2 O.[20] It is clear from the panoramic view (Figure 1 b) that the Co(CO 3 ) 0.5 (OH)·0.11 H 2 O nanowires comprise an uniform dandelion-like microsphere and the nanowires are uniform with 4 mm in length. Such a 1 D nanostructure is also revealed under transmission electron microscope (TEM). Under a higher magnification, these nanowires are shown to have a needle-like structure along the axial direction, and the diameter is approximately 17 nm with a smooth surface (Figure 1 c). The exposed crystal surfaces of the nanowires are (0 1 0) and (0 0 1) planes grown along the [1 0 0] direction (Figure 1 d, 1 e). Interestingly, when the samples are synthesized in the absence of NaI, the Co(CO 3 ) 0.5 (OH)·0.11 H 2 O nanowires could still be generated with the diameters of 130 nm (Supporting Information, Figure S1 e). Moreover, their arrangement is disordered and the dandelion-like microspheres no longer form (Supporting Information, Figure S1 a).Several template-free methods have been successfully applied to synthesize self-assembled structures of materials. [21][22][23][24][25][26] However, to be able to synthesize complex nanostructures of cobalt-based materials, generally high temperature and especially long reaction times are needed. [20,24,27] It was, therefore, necessary to develop a simple and effective method that could to synthesize complex cobalt-based nanostructures on a largescale in a short time. In our strategy, the formation of self-assembled Co(CO 3 ) 0.5 (OH)·0.11 H 2 O structures is faster and strongly depends on the presence of I À ions. Shown in Scheme 1 are the diff...