Prevalence and abuse of psychoactive substances in children and adolescents

Kushwaha, K. P.; Singh, Yudhvir; Rathi, A K; Kk, Singh; Rastogi, CK

doi:10.1007/bf02759995

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Urban poverty is associated with increased illicit drug use in cities in India [71], Nepal [72] and Brazil [73 -75]. Similar findings have been found in the United States [76 -78].…”

Section: Illicit Drugssupporting

confidence: 77%

Global use of alcohol, drugs and tobacco

Anderson¹

2006

Drug and Alcohol Review

131

111

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Humans have always used drugs, probably as part of their evolutionary and nutritional heritage. However, this previous biological adaptation is unlikely to be so in the modern world, in which 2 billion adults (48% of the adult population) are current users of alcohol, 1.1 billion adults (29% of the adult population) are current smokers of cigarettes and 185 million adults (4.5% of the adult population) are current users of illicit drugs. The use of drugs is determined largely by market forces, with increases in affordability and availability increasing use. People with socio-economic deprivation, however measured, are at increased risk of harmful drug use, as are those with a disadvantaged family environment, and those who live in a community with higher levels of substance use. Substance use is on the increase in low-income countries which, in the coming decades, will bear a disproportionate burden of substance-related disability and premature death.

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“…Urban poverty is associated with increased illicit drug use in cities in India [71], Nepal [72] and Brazil [73 -75]. Similar findings have been found in the United States [76 -78].…”

Section: Illicit Drugssupporting

confidence: 77%

Global use of alcohol, drugs and tobacco

Anderson¹

2006

Drug and Alcohol Review

131

111

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“…Studies on specific disorders [8,28-36], unpublished studies; and studies done on high risk groups [37-43] were not included in this analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Out of 28 community based studies one study by Dube et al [44] was excluded as per criteria-2, another one by Hacket et al [45] was excluded as per criteria-4 and 3 studies were excluded as they were done on specific disorders [8,28,29] and another 7 studies were excluded as they were done on high risk groups [37-43]. One study by Lal and Sethi [21] was excluded as per criteria 6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Malhotra

Patra

2014

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

165

119

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BackgroundThe importance of epidemiological studies lies in recognition of cases that do not come to treatment settings. The increasing focus on child adolescent mental health in India points to the necessity of epidemiological studies on children. Although there are a few such studies done in different parts of India in different socio-cultural settings, data from those cannot be generalized to the entire country. This need can be served by meta-analysis. There has been no meta-analysis reported from India for the child and adolescent psychiatric epidemiology.AimTo review and do the meta-analysis of epidemiological studies on child and adolescent psychiatric disorder from India.MethodsSixteen community based studies on 14594 children and adolescents; and seven school based studies on 5687 children and adolescents, reporting prevalence of child and adolescent psychiatric disorder were analyzed and overall prevalence was calculated.ResultsThe prevalence rate of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders in the community has been found to be 6.46% (95% confidence interval 6.08% - 6.88%) and in the school it has been found to be 23.33% (95% confidence interval 22.25% - 24.45%).ConclusionsThis is the first meta-analysis determining the epidemiology of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders in India. It has been found that the reporting systems of psychiatric disorders in children are inadequate.

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“…11 In this subgroup of the population, alcohol use was found in 40% of students, followed by cannabis in 5.4%, opiates (other than heroin) in 1.3% and heroin in 1.1%. 8 Kushwaha et al 12 reported prevalence of psychoactive substance abuse to be 25% in slum areas, and 18% in college students. Abuse of tobacco was most frequent (50.3% and 72.5%) followed by that of alcohol (11.7% and 16.2%) in both the groups respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abuse of tobacco was most frequent (50.3% and 72.5%) followed by that of alcohol (11.7% and 16.2%) in both the groups respectively. 12 A study from New Delhi involving 115 male street children aged 6-16 years reported that more than half of the subjects had indulged in substance use before coming to the observation home. 13 A rise in opiate use was reported in school children.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%