Prevalence and Annual Incidence of Thyroid Disease in Korea from 2006 to 2015: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

Kwon, Hyemi; Jung, Jae-Hun; Han, Kyung Do; Park, Yong Gyu; Cho, Jung Hwan; Lee, Da Young; Han, Ji Min; Park, Se Eun; Rhee, Eun-Jung; Lee, Won Young

doi:10.3803/enm.2018.33.2.260

Cited by 45 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Regular physical activity was defined as more than one day of moderate-intensity or vigorous intensity in a week using self-reporting questionnaires. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were defined using ICD-10 codes (E02, E03, E05, and E06.3), medication, and treatment, as our previous study 38 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight change is significantly associated with risk of thyroid cancer: A nationwide population-based cohort study

Kwon

Han

Park

2019

Sci Rep

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Obesity is a risk factor for many cancers including breast, esophageal, colon, and thyroid cancer. We aimed to evaluate the association of thyroid cancer with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and weight change. This nationwide population-based cohort study included 11,323,006 adults who joined the national health screening program. Weight change was defined as the difference between the weight of the subjects measured during the study period and the weight at the time of four years ago. For evaluating the association between the weight change and the risk of thyroid cancer, subjects without weight change for four years were defined as the reference group. Mean age was 50.1 ± 13.7 years and 44% were female. In total, 50,464 subjects (0.4%) had newly-diagnosed thyroid cancer. After multivariable analyses, the incidence of thyroid cancer increased significantly in subjects with larger WC as well as higher BMI (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). In subjects who were lean and became obese, the incidence of thyroid cancers increased significantly (hazard ratio [HR] 1.15 [1.11–1.19]). In subjects who were obese and became lean, the incidence of thyroid cancers decreased significantly (HR 0.89 [0.86–0.93]). These results demonstrated that higher BMI and larger WC were significantly associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer. Weight gain in lean subjects was associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer, and weight reduction in subjects with obesity was associated with a decreased risk of thyroid cancer.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight change is significantly associated with risk of thyroid cancer: A nationwide population-based cohort study

Kwon

Han

Park

2019

Sci Rep

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“…In many studies the rate of thyroid diseases more common in females than males (9)(11)(12) (13) . In the current study the majority of the patients were female 42(84%).…”

Section: Results:-mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Outcome of Surgical Treatment of Fifty Patients With Goiter in Baghdad-Iraq

Atiea¹,

Majeed²,

Abid-Saaidan³

2020

IJAR

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Background: Thyroid diseases are common problem in the population. One of the important factors in pathogenesis of nodular disease is thyroid-stimulating hormone, still the etiology of thyroid nodule is complex and underexplored. The diagnosis of goitre depends on the visibility of the thyroid gland, the degree of enlargement of the gland, or on the presence of nodules in the gland. Methodology: A descriptive study of 50 patients with goiter. Patients with goiter collected over twenty-months' time. Hormonal study, ultrasound image of the thyroid gland, fine needle aspirate, and the general investigation to prepare them for general anesthesia. Results: About three quarters of the patients 35(70%) were in the age group ranged from 15-30 year. Majority of the patients were female 42(84%). The highest group were the euthyroid patients forming 35(35%) of the sample, followed by patients with hyperthyroidism10(20%), and finally came patients in hypothyroid state 5(10%). Multinodular goiter at the top of the list (60%), and single nodule forming only (8%) of the total patients. Adeno tumor forming half of the sample 3(50%). The other three types colloidal goiter, papillary carcinoma and medullary carcinoma forming the second half. Conclusion: because of high incidence of goiter and possibility of carcinomatous changes total thyroidectomy is advisable with hormonal replacement.

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“…Thus, we used vitamin D concentrations as an indicator of drug compliance and vitamin D status. Due to the low prevalence of Graves' disease (2.76 per 1,000 in Korea, 2006-2015) 25 , designing clinical trials for these patients is much more difficult than those with other diseases, such as cancers or cardiovascular disease 5 . We enrolled a considerable number of subjects, and our study is the first to evaluate the clinical impact of vitamin D supplementation in Graves' disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D supplementation does not prevent the recurrence of Graves’ disease

Cho

Chung

2020

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Recent literature has reported a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among people with Graves' disease. No study has examined the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the clinical outcomes of Graves' disease. We aimed to evaluate whether daily vitamin D supplementation reduces Graves' disease recurrence. We enrolled 210 subjects with Graves' disease and vitamin D deficiency and followed them for at least one year after anti-thyroid drug (ATD) discontinuation. Among 210 individuals, 60 (29%) were amenable to taking vitamin D supplements, resulting in sufficient vitamin D levels (from 10.6 to 25.7 ng/mL), whereas the mean vitamin D level was 11.6 ng/mL in the 150 patients who did not take vitamin D supplements. The recurrence rate was similar in both groups (38% vs. 49%, P = 0.086). However, recurrence occurred earlier in the latter group (7 months vs. 5 months, P = 0.016). In the multivariate analysis, vitamin D levels and TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII) titers at ATD discontinuation remained significant factors for recurrence. Vitamin D levels and TBII titers at ATD discontinuation exhibited a weak negative correlation (R = −0.143, P = 0.041). Vitamin D supplementation might have a protective effect against Graves' disease recurrence with a borderline significant recurrence rate reduction. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), including Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, are the most common organ-specific autoimmune disorders 1. AITDs are caused by various environmental triggers, such as iodine, drugs, radiation, and infection in genetically predisposed individuals 2. AITDs are characterized by T-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases, and Graves' disease is primarily related to hyperactive humoural responses that lead to the production of stimulatory autoantibodies for the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor 1. Vitamin D regulates bone metabolism and the homeostasis of calcium and phosphorus. The active form of vitamin D binds to the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) and controls the expression of over 200 genes responsible for the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in most tissues and cells, including immune cells 3. Non-skeletal actions of vitamin D have been studied over the past few decades, and evidence suggests that there is a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and various diseases, such as autoimmune diseases 4 , cardiovascular disease 5,6 , and cancer 5,7. Recent studies have reported that low vitamin D levels are prevalent in patients with Graves' disease. Kivity et al. observed a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (defined as 25-hydroxyvitamin(OH)D < 10 ng/mL) in 22 Graves' disease patients compared with 98 healthy controls (64% vs. 30%, P < 0.01) 8. Yasuda et al. reported reduced levels of vitamin D in 26 Graves' disease patients compared to the levels in 46 controls (25(OH)D 3 levels of 14.4 ng/mL vs. 17.1 ng/mL, P < 0.05) 9. Two meta-analyses implicated vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for Graves' disease 4,10 , although...

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Prevalence and Annual Incidence of Thyroid Disease in Korea from 2006 to 2015: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

Cited by 45 publications

References 28 publications

Weight change is significantly associated with risk of thyroid cancer: A nationwide population-based cohort study

Weight change is significantly associated with risk of thyroid cancer: A nationwide population-based cohort study

The Outcome of Surgical Treatment of Fifty Patients With Goiter in Baghdad-Iraq

Vitamin D supplementation does not prevent the recurrence of Graves’ disease

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