Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. in South Punjab-Pakistan

Qamar, Aftab; Ismail, Amir

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0232382

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…However, such use has been associated with the development of resistance by bacteria. Resistance to various antimicrobials by Salmonella has been reported in Pakistan, 7 Ghana, 8 and Ethiopia. 9 The misuse of antimicrobials in humans and animals has led to an increase in the number of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, which has been identified by WHO and health authorities as a global public health and veterinary concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Antimicrobial-Susceptibility Profiles of Salmonella in Smallhold Broiler Supply Chains in Central Ethiopia

Belachew

Mulusew

Tolosa

et al. 2021

IDR

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Purpose Salmonellosis is a foodborne zoonoses found worldwide. The main purpose of this study was to isolate and identify Salmonella and assess their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles from smallhold broilers supply chains and slaughterhouses in Bishoftu and Modjo, central Ethiopia. Methods Four smallhold broiler farms under the auspices of Chico Meat were selected randomly. Feed, water, and water- and feed-trough samples were collected from broiler farms, while cecal contents were collected from slaughtered chicken at Chico Meat slaughterhouse. Conventional bacteriological techniques were used to isolate and identify Salmonella from the samples. Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion was employed to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. Results Salmonella was isolated from 131 (24.3%, 95% CI 20.74–28.15) of the 539 samples tested. Salmonella was found in 43 of the 250 samples collected from Bishoftu (22%, 95% CI 17.02%–27.65%) and 76 of the 289 samples collected from Modjo (26.29%, 95% CI 21.32%–31.77%). Salmonella was isolated from 26.46% of the cloacal samples, 21% of the cecal contents, 30.77% of the feed samples, 25% of the water samples, 22.22% of samples from feed troughs, and 20% of samples from water troughs. The highest level of resistance (80.81%) was observed against tetracycline, followed by kanamycin (71.72%), chloramphenicol and amoxicillin (67.68%), sulfamethazole–trimethoprim (61.62%), naldixic acid (63.64%), and streptomycin (59.60%), whereas most of the isolates were susceptible to gentamicin (69.70%). Resistance to more than two drugs was also observed. Conclusion Salmonella was found in high prevalence in broilers, their feed, and their environment. Moreover, a majority of the isolates were resistant to most antimicrobials used in medical and poultry practices. This has significant implications for public health and antimicrobial resistance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Antimicrobial-Susceptibility Profiles of Salmonella in Smallhold Broiler Supply Chains in Central Ethiopia

Belachew

Mulusew

Tolosa

et al. 2021

IDR

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“…The relationship between sensitivity and resistance patterns has also been studied previously [6]. One previous study used the double disc synergy test that verified the phenotypic resistance, which was the legitimate cause of the development of resistance to commercially available antibiotics [25]. The findings from previous studies indicated that heavy metal rates, which were elevated in the river tyne basin as a consequence of earlier industrial and mining activities, were related to the high rates of AMR [29,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Antibiotic susceptibility and identification of the AMR agents implicated in the human body are critical for empirical treatment and the escaping of resistant bacteria [24]. Qamar et al (2020) documented that antibiotics have enabled great advancements in healthcare systems, but they are under threat from rapidly evolving resistant microbes [25]. Only a few studies have been conducted in Pakistan to check the prevalence of metal-resistant bacteria and the antimicrobial sensitivity profiles of those bacteria [26][27][28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metal (Arsenic) Induced Antibiotic Resistance among Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Bacteria of Nosocomial Origin

et al. 2022

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a leading cause of treatment failure for many infectious diseases worldwide. Improper overdosing and the misuse of antibiotics contributes significantly to the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. The co-contamination of heavy metals and antibiotic compounds existing in the environment might also be involved in the spread of AMR. The current study was designed to test the efficacy of heavy metals (arsenic) induced AMR patterns in clinically isolated extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria. A total of 300 clinically isolated ESBL-producing bacteria were collected from a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan, with the demographic characteristics of patients. After the collection of bacterial isolates, these were reinoculated on agar media for reidentification purposes. Direct antimicrobial sensitivity testing (AST) for bacterial isolates by disk diffusion methods was used to determine the AST patterns with and without heavy metal. The heavy metal was concentrated in dilutions of 1.25 g/mL. The collected bacterial isolates were isolated from wounds (n = 63, 21%), urine (n = 112, 37.3%), blood (n = 43, 14.3%), pus (n = 49, 16.3%), and aspirate (n = 33, 11%) samples. From the total 300 bacterial isolates, n = 172 were Escherichia coli (57.3%), 57 were Klebsiella spp. (19%), 32 were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.6%), 21 were Proteus mirabilis (7%) and 18 were Enterobacter spp. (6%). Most of the antibiotic drugs were found resistant to tested bacteria. Colistin and Polymyxin-B showed the highest sensitivity against all tested bacteria, but when tested with heavy metals, these antibiotics were also found to be significantly resistant. We found that heavy metals induced the resistance capability in bacterial isolates, which leads to higher AMR patterns as compared to without heavy metal tested isolates. The results of the current study explored the heavy metal as an inducer of AMR and may contribute to the formation and spread of AMR in settings that are contaminated with heavy metals.

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“…18 Recent data from South Punjab Pakistan has shown high rates of resistance shown by salmonella typhi against Oxytetracycline (70.1%) while Ofloxacin (90.4%) and Cefepime (89.7%) had the highest sensitivity. 19 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in bacteriological spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility on blood culture in pediatric cardiac patients at a tertiary childcare health facility

Adnan¹,

Arshad

Haq

et al. 2022

Pak J Med Sci

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Objectives: To report trends in bacteriological spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility on blood culture in admitted pediatric cardiac patients at a Tertiary Childcare Health Facility. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Cardiology, The Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan from January 2018 to December 2020. We included admitted children of both genders aged one day to 12 years and whose blood sample was sent for blood culture analysis. Gram staining was used to identify isolated organisms. Distribution of types of strains, bacterial isolates and antimicrobial sensitivity/resistance were recorded. Results: During the study period, a total of 772 blood samples were sent for blood culture analysis, out of which, 154 (19.9%) turned out to be positive. Mean age was noted to be 1.12±2.3 years. Gram negative rods were the most frequently noted strains found among 69 (44.8%) cases. A total of 131 strains were found to have bacterial isolates. Salmonella typhi was the commonest bacterial agent noted in 30 (19.4%) cases while Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus in 18 (11.7%) and acinetobacter baumannii in 16 (10.4%). Conclusion: Blood culture positivity rate was found to be 19.9%. Gram negative rods were the most frequently noted strains. Salmonella typhi, Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus and Acinetobacter baumannii were found to be the commonest bacterial isolates responsible. Routinely used antibiotics like Ciprofloxacin, Cefotaxime, Ceftizadime and Ampicillin were found to have high rates of resistance against most commonly found bacterial isolates. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5072 How to cite this:Adnan M, Arshad MS, Anwar-ul-Haq H, Raza H. Trends in bacteriological spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility on blood culture in pediatric cardiac patients at a tertiary childcare health facility. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5072 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. in South Punjab-Pakistan

Cited by 31 publications

References 34 publications

Prevalence and Antimicrobial-Susceptibility Profiles of Salmonella in Smallhold Broiler Supply Chains in Central Ethiopia

Prevalence and Antimicrobial-Susceptibility Profiles of Salmonella in Smallhold Broiler Supply Chains in Central Ethiopia

Heavy Metal (Arsenic) Induced Antibiotic Resistance among Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Bacteria of Nosocomial Origin

Trends in bacteriological spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility on blood culture in pediatric cardiac patients at a tertiary childcare health facility

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