Prevalence and Antimicrobial Profile of Shigella Isolates in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North Karnataka: A 12-Year Study

Jain, Pavithra Amrath; Kulkarni, Raghavendra; Ganavali, Ajanta S; Kalabhavi, Anuradha S; Shetty, Praveen; Shubhada, C; Hosamani, Manjunath A; Appannanavar, Suma B; Hanamaraddi, Deepa R

doi:10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_20_107

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In our study too, all the six Shigella spp. isolates were obtained from stool culture as in the majority of similar studies [28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Non Lactose Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacterial Isolates in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Central India

Mehta

Diwakar²

2021

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objectives: The non-lactose fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NLF-GNB) are notorious pathogens reportedly acquiring multiple drug resistance alarmingly and emerging as a public health threat globally. This study was conducted to isolate and identify these pathogens from clinical samples received routinely in our Bacteriology Laboratory and to analyze their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the first 100 NLF-GNB strains isolated consecutively from 1218 clinical samples were included through convenience sampling. The samples were processed using standard microbiological techniques. Results: The most common isolate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa followed by Acinetobacter spp, Proteus spp, Shigella spp, Salmonella typhi, Providencia spp., and Morganella spp. P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. isolates were found to exhibit high susceptibility toward Colistin and Imipenem. Proteus spp. exhibited high sensitivity toward Imipenem, Aminoglycosides, Ceftazidime, and Cefepime. All Providencia isolates were susceptible to Amikacin, Cefepime, and Ceftriaxone. The only isolate of Morganella spp. was found to be susceptible to Amikacin, Cefepime, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin tazobactam, Ciprofloxacin, Imipenem, and Aztreonam. Shigella isolates exhibited very high susceptibility toward Imipenem followed by Gentamicin and Ceftazidime. All the isolates of S. typhi exhibited susceptibility toward Imipenem, Piperacillin tazobactam, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Cefoperazone sulbactam, and Chloramphenicol. 24% of test isolates were found to be Multidrug resistant. Conclusion: Antimicrobial surveillance is needed to implement appropriate timely interventions to restrict the spread of multidrug-resistant clones. Strict infection prevention and control practices, with judicious antibiotic prescription policy, may help in tackling this problem by obviating the selection pressure.

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“…In our study too, all the six Shigella spp. isolates were obtained from stool culture as in the majority of similar studies [28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Non Lactose Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacterial Isolates in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Central India

Mehta

Diwakar²

2021

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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“…It is responsible for bloody diarrhea and bacillary dysentery in developing countries, and among them, about 70% of deaths and approximately 60% of deaths in children under the age of five years. In developing countries, S. flexneri is mainly responsible for causing shigellosis [ 1 , 2 ]. The stomach cramps, fever, and blood in stool during shigellosis are due to the Shiga-toxin action [ 3 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) is one of the important enteric infectious diseases caused by the Shigella species. It is a non-motile, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, gram-negative bacteria and is associated with bacterial species belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family [ 1 , 2 ]. The major characteristic clinical symptoms of shigellosis include bloody, watery, mucoid stools in which the passage of frequent small-volume stools is associated with variable degrees of fever, fecal urgency, and systemic toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of anti-microbial, anti-biofilm activity, and cytotoxicity analysis of a designed polyherbal formulation against shigellosis

Singh

Sharma

Agarwal

2021

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine

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Background Shigellosis is an infectious intestinal disease common in rural communities. In developing countries, shigellosis is caused predominantly by Shigella flexneri and has been determined as a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Objective The study investigates the anti-biofilm, anti-microbial, and anti-shigellosis activity of a designed formulation. Materials and methods The potential of the formulation against S. flexneri (MTCC 1457) was investigated using a well-diffusion assay. Further, the effect of the designed formulation on bacterial growth and biofilm formation was analyzed by the spectrophotometry method. Anti-quorum sensing activity was analyzed using Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, a bacterial strain. Finally, the cytotoxicity of the formulation was examined by using cell line and brine shrimp lethality assay. Results The MIC value of the aqueous extract of the formulation was 2.4 mg ml −1 and an inhibitory zone of 23 mm was observed. On the other side, the formulation significantly inhibited the bacterial growth, biofilm formation (23.78%), violacein inhibition (27.68%) at 0.6 mg ml −1 concentration (did not significantly affect the growth curves) and was found non-toxic in cell assay and brine shrimp lethality assay. Conclusion According to the result obtained, the designed formulation was found effective and non-toxic, so it can be used to treat shigellosis and Shigella -related infections.

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“…AMR in India gained focus due to the controversial nomenclature of the New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) [99]. Research in the field originates from single-center [100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107]. In India, bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, carbapenem, Beta-Lactam, and colistin is highly prevalent.…”

Section: A Snapshot Of Amr Surveillance Programs and The Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[102,105,108,109], and Acinetobacter spp. [100,106,107]. A study conducted by the Government of India reported that more than 70% of isolates of K. pneumonia and almost half of all P. aeruginosa found resistant to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins [110].…”

Section: A Snapshot Of Amr Surveillance Programs and The Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries: a scattered picture

Iskandar

Molinier

Hallit

et al. 2021

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

235

144

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Data on comprehensive population-based surveillance of antimicrobial resistance is lacking. In low- and middle-income countries, the challenges are high due to weak laboratory capacity, poor health systems governance, lack of health information systems, and limited resources. Developing countries struggle with political and social dilemma, and bear a high health and economic burden of communicable diseases. Available data are fragmented and lack representativeness which limits their use to advice health policy makers and orientate the efficient allocation of funding and financial resources on programs to mitigate resistance. Low-quality data means soaring rates of antimicrobial resistance and the inability to track and map the spread of resistance, detect early outbreaks, and set national health policy to tackle resistance. Here, we review the barriers and limitations of conducting effective antimicrobial resistance surveillance, and we highlight multiple incremental approaches that may offer opportunities to strengthen population-based surveillance if tailored to the context of each country.

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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Profile of Shigella Isolates in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North Karnataka: A 12-Year Study

Cited by 15 publications

References 41 publications

Characterization and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Non Lactose Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacterial Isolates in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Central India

Characterization and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Non Lactose Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacterial Isolates in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Central India

Screening of anti-microbial, anti-biofilm activity, and cytotoxicity analysis of a designed polyherbal formulation against shigellosis

Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries: a scattered picture

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