Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of<i>Enterococcus</i>species isolated from laying hens in Lusaka and Copperbelt provinces of Zambia: a call for AMR surveillance in the poultry sector

Mudenda, Steward; Matafwali, Scott Kaba; Malama, Sydney; Munyeme, Musso; Yamba, Kaunda; Katemangwe, Patrick; Siluchali, Godfrey; Mainda, Geoffrey; Mukuma, Mercy; Bumbangi, Flavien Nsoni; Mirisho, Robert; Muma, John Bwalya

doi:10.1093/jacamr/dlac126

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…On average, E. faecium exhibited increased resistance to antimicrobials in comparison with E. faecalis . Our findings are in agreement with a recent study conducted in Zambia [ 29 ]. Our study also has some similarities with a study conducted in the Czech Republic [ 48 ], in which increased resistance of Enterococci to tetracycline, erythromycin and nitrofurantoin were observed, as well as a study from USA [ 49 ], in which Enterococci resistance to tetracycline, penicillin and ciprofloxacin was documented.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…This is in agreement with other studies that reported similar results in Poland [ 26 ], Malaysia [ 27 ] and Nigeria [ 28 ]. However it was lower than that reported in a similar study conducted in Zambia, where the prevalence was 88.4% in laying hens [ 29 ]. This could be due to differences in sampling methods, farms sampled and the number of farms sampled.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

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Determination of the Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Associated with Poultry in Four Districts in Zambia

et al. 2023

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The presence of antimicrobial-resistant Enterococci in poultry is a growing public health concern worldwide due to its potential for transmission to humans. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance and to detect drug-resistant genes in Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium in poultry from four districts in Zambia. Identification of Enterococci was conducted using phenotypic methods. Antimicrobial resistance was determined using the disc diffusion method and antimicrobial resistance genes were detected using polymerase chain reaction and gene-specific primers. The overall prevalence of Enterococci was 31.1% (153/492, 95% CI: 27.1–35.4). Enterococcus faecalis had a significantly higher prevalence at 37.9% (58/153, 95% CI: 30.3–46.1) compared with E. faecium, which had a prevalence of 10.5% (16/153, 95% CI: 6.3–16.7). Most of the E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates were resistant to tetracycline (66/74, 89.2%) and ampicillin and erythromycin (51/74, 68.9%). The majority of isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (72/74, 97.3%). The results show that poultry are a potential source of multidrug-resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium strains, which can be transmitted to humans. Resistance genes in the Enterococcus species can also be transmitted to pathogenic bacteria if they colonize the same poultry, thus threatening the safety of poultry production, leading to significant public health concerns.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Determination of the Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Associated with Poultry in Four Districts in Zambia

et al. 2023

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“…To determine antimicrobial resistance genes carried by the E. coli strains isolated from the chicken, a conventional colony PCR was done as described before 16 , 17 but with modifications. Both naïve and E. coli resistant to either tetracycline or sulfonamides were tested.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflections on Drivers for the Emergence and Spread of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria Detected from Chickens reared on Commercial Layer Farms in Mukono District, Uganda

Kakooza,

Tayebwa,

Njalira

et al. 2023

VMRR

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Purpose We investigated the fecal carriage of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli and potential practices influencing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) dynamics among poultry farm settings in Mukono District, Uganda. Methods Twenty-nine commercial layer farms were visited and samples collected from 10 birds. The samples were then subjected to culture and sensitivity testing. The investigative framework for antimicrobial stewardship practices (IFAP) was used as a participatory tool to generate data through interviews and observations on antimicrobial use, drivers for use, players, and actions following non-responsive treatment outcomes. Results The cultures done on 290 cloacal swabs yielded a total of 273 Escherichia coli isolates (94.1% recovery rate) which were tested in vitro for their sensitivity to different antibiotics. The prevalence of multi-drug resistant E. coli was 59.3% (162/273). A high prevalence of resistance to tetracycline (91.6%, n = 250) and trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole (70.3%, n = 192) was noted. In this collection of isolates, the prevalence of molecular determinants associated with the predominant phenotypes was; tetA (79.3%; 138/174), tetB (17.2%; 30/174), tetC (7.5%; 13/174), sul1 (11.5%; 20/174), and sul2 (60.3%; 105/174). Responses derived using the IFAP revealed several vices related to misuse and overuse of antibiotics, a threat to the poultry industry. The farmers also reported habits of selling off sick birds for slaughter when treatment outcomes were non-responsive. Such a practice could drive dissemination of antimicrobial resistant organisms and antibiotic residues to the consumers of those poultry products. Conclusion The IFAP tool was useful and can be modified, and adopted for use in engaging agricultural communities in participatory AMR surveillance. A high carriage of multi-drug resistant E. coli was detected in the birds. On these farms, the worrying antimicrobial stewardship practices discovered could be sponsoring the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in the Ugandan context.

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“… 94 , 104–108 Consequently, there is evidence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens across the human and animal sectors. 37 , 38 , 41 , 99 , 109–115 A study by Masich et al 116 revealed that about 67% of antimicrobials were inappropriately prescribed to non-critically ill adult patients admitted to the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Intriguingly, the Zambian government has put in measures to promote the appropriate use of antibiotics by developing and implementing the National Action Plan (NAP) on AMR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community antibiotic consumption and associated factors in Lusaka district of Zambia: findings and implications for antimicrobial resistance and stewardship

Ngoma,

Sitali,

Mudenda

et al. 2024

JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance

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Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health crisis. This study assessed the general public’s consumption of antibiotics and associated factors in the Lusaka district of Zambia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 2038 participants between December 2022 and January 2023. Data were analysed using Stata 13.0. Multivariable regression techniques were used to determine the factors that influenced antibiotic consumption. Results Of the 2038 participants, 53.4% were female, and 51.5% had attended at least secondary school. Antibiotic use was 99.2%, of which 40.9% were appropriately used. Overall, 79.1% of antibiotics were prescribed in hospitals, while 20.9% were used from leftovers and accessed without prescriptions. This study found that the appropriate use of antibiotics was associated with being female, being aged 35 years and above, attaining secondary school or tertiary education, having a monthly expenditure of 195 USD and above, being aware that antibiotics were not the same as painkillers, and being confident that when someone was hospitalized, they would get well. Conclusions This study found that the appropriate use of antibiotics was low, and this is an urgent public health issue requiring community engagement in tackling AMR and adherence to treatment guidelines in healthcare facilities. Additionally, there is a need to implement and strengthen antimicrobial stewardship programmes in healthcare facilities to promote the rational use of antibiotics in Zambia. There is also a need to heighten community awareness campaigns and educational activities on the appropriate use of antibiotics.

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Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns ofEnterococcusspecies isolated from laying hens in Lusaka and Copperbelt provinces of Zambia: a call for AMR surveillance in the poultry sector

Cited by 22 publications

References 68 publications

Determination of the Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Associated with Poultry in Four Districts in Zambia

Determination of the Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Associated with Poultry in Four Districts in Zambia

Reflections on Drivers for the Emergence and Spread of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria Detected from Chickens reared on Commercial Layer Farms in Mukono District, Uganda

Community antibiotic consumption and associated factors in Lusaka district of Zambia: findings and implications for antimicrobial resistance and stewardship

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