Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: A Multicentre Study

Rajaduraipandi, K; Mani, KR; Panneerselvam, K.; Mani, M; Bhaskar, Matcha; Manikandan, P.

doi:10.1016/s0255-0857(21)02468-3

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Our study revealed that the MRSA strains recovered from urine samples were generally multidrug resistant with increasing resistance to Gentamicin, Amoxicillin, and Cotrimoxazole. This finding is in line with previous studies (Rajaduraipandi et al, 2006;Looney et al, 2017;Singh et al, 2019). These drugs are available as over-the-counter antibiotics and may have developed resistance due to selective pressure from inappropriate use (Abdullahi and Iregbu, 2018).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Anyigba, Nigeria

Mofolorunsho¹,

Emmanuel²,

Omatola³

et al. 2022

UJMR

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major public health concern, and it is responsible for both hospital and community associated infections globally. In this study, we aimed at determining the prevalence and pattern of resistance of MRSA to commonly used antibiotics in Anyigba, Nigeria. This was a hospital based, cross-sectional study conducted between August 2017 and February 2018. One hundred and fifty routine clinical specimens were collected from selected health facilities in Anyigba for laboratory analyses. Standard laboratory methods were employed in the identification of the isolates. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was confirmed using Oxacillin Resistance Screening Agar Base (ORSAB) supplemented with 2g/l of Oxacillin. Screening to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles of all confirmed MRSA isolates was by disc diffusion method. A total of 124 (82.7%) isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were recovered from clinical samples obtained. Of these isolates, 28 (22.6%) were methicillin resistant. The percentage distribution rate of MRSA was highest (50.0%) in urine samples. Majority of these isolates were resistant to at least four of the six antibiotics tested. Most of the isolates recovered from urine samples were resistant to Gentamicin (92.9%), Amoxicillin (100.0%) and Cotrimoxazole (85.7%). Our study showed a significant presence of MRSA isolates in the clinical specimens collected, with a relatively high rate to gentamicin, Amoxicillin and Cotrimoxazole antibiotics. This study highlights the need for monitoring of antimicrobial use considering the lack of innovation in the development of new antimicrobials which lessens efforts at combating infections caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Antibiotic resistance, Clinical specimens

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Anyigba, Nigeria

Mofolorunsho¹,

Emmanuel²,

Omatola³

et al. 2022

UJMR

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“…This result is in contrast with the work of Nwoire et al (2013) who reported that 31.6% of Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from wound. This work is in agreement with the reports of Rajadurai-pandi et al (2006), who reported isolation rate of MRSA (31.6%) from wound and Perwaiz et al (2007) who reported isolation rate of MRSA (32%) from wound. The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA were not significantly different among various clinical specimens in different hospitals (p˃0.05).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Isolated from Some Communities and Hospitals in Nsukka, Nigeria

Ugwu¹,

Ezeonu²

2022

ijird

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IntroductionStaphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium capable of infecting virtually every tissue of the body and causing infections ranging from minor skin infections to life-threatening infections, such as bacteremia, endocarditis, necrotizing pneumonia and toxic shock syndrome (TSS). S. aureus is a major cause of health care associated infections, estimated to be responsible for 13.8 per 100 hospitalizations in US hospitals in (Klein et al., 2007. Staphylococcal infection remains a major health challenge in several countries, with huge resultant adverse effect ranging to lifethreatening diseases such pneumonia, bacteremia to high mortality cases (Asadollahi et al., 2018). The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistant S. aureus, has emerged as a serious public health issue both in the hospital and community settings . Initially, treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections in the 1940s involved a beta-lactam antibiotic, penicillin (Geddes, 2008). However, by the end of the 1940s, 50% of Staphylococcus aureus strains were resistant to penicillin in the USA (Lowy, 1998). In 2002, 90% of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolates found in hospitals worldwide were resistant to penicillin (Greenwood et al., 2002). Methicillin, a semisynthetic penicillin, was introduced in 1960 as an alternative to penicillin therapy for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infection (Chambers, 2001). However, the identification of methicillin -resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains was reported in 1961, within a year after its introduction as an anti-staphylococcal drug (Lowy, 2003).

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“…In this study, the antibiotic resistance/susceptibility profiling showed that most of the clinical isolates were resistant to ampicillin (34.3%) and ciprofloxacin (53.1%). This observation is supported by earlier studies showing a high prevalence of ampicillin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant strains of S. aureus and MRSA [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Analysis of the Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Natural Compounds and Their Analogues against Staphylococcus aureus Isolates

et al. 2022

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(1) Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most frequent causes of biofilm-associated infections. With the emergence of antibiotic-resistant, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), there is an urgent need to discover novel inhibitory compounds against this clinically important pathogen. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of 11 compounds, including phenyl propenes and phenolic aldehydes, eugenol, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, salicylaldehyde, vanillin, cinnamoyl acid, and aldehydes, against drug-resistant S. aureus isolates. (2) Methods: Thirty-two clinical S. aureus isolates were obtained from Alkhidmat Diagnostic Center and Blood Bank, Karachi, Pakistan, and screened for biofilm-forming potential, and susceptibility/resistance against ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, amikacin, cephalothin, clindamycin, streptomycin, and gentamicin using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Subsequently, 5 representative clinical isolates were selected and used to test the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm potential of 11 compounds using both qualitative and quantitative assays, followed by qPCR analysis to examine the differences in the expression levels of biofilm-forming genes (ica-A, fnb-B, clf-A and cna) in treated (with natural compounds and their derivatives) and untreated isolates. (3) Results: All isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant and dominant biofilm formers. The individual Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of natural compounds and their analogues ranged from 0.75–160 mg/mL. Furthermore, the compounds, Salicylaldehyde (SALI), Vanillin (VAN), α-methyl-trans-cinnamaldehyde (A-MT), and trans-4-nitrocinnamic acid (T4N) exhibited significant (15–92%) biofilm inhibition/reduction percentage capacity at the concentration of 1–10 mg/mL. Gene expression analysis showed that salicylaldehyde, α-methyl-trans-cinnamaldehyde, and α-bromo-trans-cinnamaldehyde resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) downregulation of the expression of ica-A, clf-A, and fnb-A genes compared to the untreated resistant isolate. (4) Conclusions: The natural compounds and their analogues used in this study exhibited significant antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity against S. aureus. Biofilms persist as the main concern in clinical settings. These compounds may serve as potential candidate drug molecules against biofilm forming S. aureus.

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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: A Multicentre Study

Cited by 13 publications

References 4 publications

Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Anyigba, Nigeria

Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Anyigba, Nigeria

Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Isolated from Some Communities and Hospitals in Nsukka, Nigeria

Analysis of the Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Natural Compounds and Their Analogues against Staphylococcus aureus Isolates

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