Prevalence and associated factors for pterygium and pinguecula in a South Indian population

Asokan, Rashima; Ramesh, Shruthy Vaishali; Velumuri, Lokapavani; Vijaya, Lingam; George, Ronnie

doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00882.x

Cited by 91 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The present study has shown that the presence of the GSTM1-null genotype did not increase the possibility of developing pterygium in patients who smoke. These results are supported by those from a group of scientists from India (Asokan et al, 2012), who evaluated the effect of smoking in relation to pterygium. A further study conducted with Latin American patients living in the United States also found no significant difference regarding pterygium and smoking (West and Muñoz, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Analysis of the GSTM1-null polymorphism in patients with pterygium from Goiânia, Goiás Brazil

et al. 2015

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ABSTRACT. The first reports about pterygium date back to Hippocrates, and this disease still threatens vision health around the world. Pterygium is a formation of fibrous tissue consisting of highly vascularized epithelial and subepithelial tissue that grows excessively and with an abnormal shape on the cornea. Many physical and biological factors are associated with the pathogenesis of pterygium, including heat, dust, and other particles in the atmosphere, and immunological mechanisms, mechanisms involving extracellular matrix reorganization, growth factors, cytokines, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to further investigate the association between polymorphisms in GSTM1 and the formation of pterygium. We collected peripheral blood samples from 90 patients diagnosed with pterygium and from 23 subjects without the disease in order to perform molecular analysis of the GSTM1 gene. Subjects with one or two copies of the GSTM1 allele had a normal genotype while those without any copies of the allele had a null genotype. The chi-square test or the Fisher exact test was performed in order to investigate possible associations between the molecular analysis and the risk of pterygium. A significant difference between the frequency of the GSTM1-null genotype in patient and control groups was identified. However, sub-group analysis found that the GSTM1-null genotype was statistically significant in men, but not in women, and in Caucasians, but not in Brown or Black groups. Furthermore, the GSTM1-null genotype was not related to any of the risk factors analyzed: cases in family, occupational exposure, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Analysis of the GSTM1-null polymorphism in patients with pterygium from Goiânia, Goiás Brazil

et al. 2015

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“…One of the theories is that the tear film abnormalities causes local drying of the cornea and conjunctiva which in turn predisposes to these new growths (Paton, 1975). The differential diagnosis of pterygium includes limbal masses which in order of their frequency, are pseudopterygium, papilloma, squamous cell conjunctival carcinoma, conjunctival melanoma, and pagetoid or sebaceous carcinoma (Char, 1987).There is a worldwide distribution of pterygium, but it is more common in warm, dry climates and after exposure to (both UV-A and UV-B) ultraviolet radiation (Detels et al, 1967;Asokan et al, 2012). Although the prevalence of the lesion increases with age, the highest incidence occurs between the ages of 20 and 49 years (Hilgers, 1960).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of tear secretion and tear film instability in cases with pterygium and normal subjects

Roka

Shrestha

2013

Nep J Oph

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Introduction: Dry eye is a common disorder affecting a significant percentage of the population. Materials and methods: This study is a prospective, hospital-based, case-controlled study conducted between January 2009 and May 2010. Seventy-six pterygium cases and 152 age-and-sex matched controls presenting to the OPD of Manipal Teaching Hospital were included. The TBUT Schirmer's test and basal tear secretion were estimated in all patients. A TBUT of less than 10 seconds and a Schirmer's test of less than 10 mm were considered abnormal. Results: Pterygium was bilateral in 15 (19.7 % ) and unilateral in 61 (80.3 %) patients. Ninety-two (92.1 %) pterygium patients reported either one or more of the six dry eye symptoms. Redness was the most common (67 %) symptom reported. The mean Schirmer's test I, mean basal secretion and mean TBUT values were 16.19 mm, 10.01 mm and 10.56 seconds in pterygium cases and 20.22 mm,13.25 mm and 26.25 seconds in the control group respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the dry eye results between the pterygium cases and the control group (p value < 0.05). The odds ratio between pterygium and dry eye was 3.28. Dry eye was present in 26 % of the normal patients and in 54 % of the pterygium cases. Conclusion: There is a strong relationship between dry eye and pterygium.

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“…This is probably due to males forming majority (68.00%) of the study sample. Several studies have reported gender to be an independent predictor of pterygium, with males more likely to develop pterygium than females [15,17,20,24,29,[34][35][36][37]. The Tanjong Pagar survey reported males to be five times more likely to develop pterygium than females [38].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several risk factors have been identified for development of pterygium. These include ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, exposure to irritants such as dust, smoke and wind, dry ocular surface and inflammation [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Ultraviolet (UV) light exposure is believed to be the single most important risk factor for development of pterygium [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pterygium among Staff of College of Science, KNUST, Kumasi

Ahmed

et al. 2017

AOVS

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The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of pterygium among the staff of College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology and an association between computer use and pterygium development. A descriptive cross-sectional study in which 150 staff of the College of Science, KNUST, Kumasi, aged 25 to 60 years who volunteered were examined for pterygium. A closeended questionnaire was used to interview the participants. Majority (68.00%) of the participants were males. The ages of the participants ranged from 25 years to 60 years, with a mean age of 38.85 years. Majority (79.33%) of the participants were generally indoor workers while 31(20.67%) were outdoor workers. One hundred and sixteen (77.33%) of the participants were computer users (either at work, home or both) and 34 (22.67%) of the participants were not. The general prevalence of pterygium was 41.33%. The proportion of pterygium was highest among males (43.14%), highest in the age group 41 -50 years (51.22%) and was higher among outdoor workers (51.61%) than indoor workers (40.33%). The proportion of pterygium among computer using participants was 40.52%. A significant association (95 CI, p = 0.02) was observed between the number of hours of computer use per day and pterygium development, with the highest number of cases recorded among those who spent more than 2 hours on the computer daily. Pterygium is more prevalent among outdoor workers than indoor workers. For indoor workers, individuals who spend time on the computer may be predisposed to the development of pterygium, with persons who spend an average of more than two hours per day on the computer both at home and at work , most susceptible. Keywords:

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Prevalence and associated factors for pterygium and pinguecula in a South Indian population

Abstract: The prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula a South Indian population were 9.5% and 11.3% respectively. Rural residence were associated with presence of both pterygium and pinguecula. Higher lifetime UV exposure was associated with the presence of pterygia.

Cited by 91 publications

References 21 publications

Analysis of the GSTM1-null polymorphism in patients with pterygium from Goiânia, Goiás Brazil

Analysis of the GSTM1-null polymorphism in patients with pterygium from Goiânia, Goiás Brazil

Assessment of tear secretion and tear film instability in cases with pterygium and normal subjects

Pterygium among Staff of College of Science, KNUST, Kumasi

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