Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among PLHIV in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, 2017

Abstract

Background Depression is a substantial contributor to the global burden of disease and affects people in all communities across the globe. Depression is the most common psychiatric problem associated with HIV/AIDS and half of all PLWHIV with depression go underdiagnosed and untreated. Psychiatric complications of HIVAIDS delay mental health services in less affluent countries. However, there is lack of study with regard to the pooled estimation prevalence of depression in PLWHIV in Ethiopia. Objectives The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the most current available evidence from 2010 to March 2017 among adult PLWHIV in Ethiopia. Methods The team explored multiple databases searching methods including MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, Google Advance Scholar, and Google Scholar to find studies published with the data on the prevalence of depression among PLWHIV. We searched 150 research articles; of these 143 articles were excluded. Subsequently, thirteen articles were used for synthesis prevalence and four studies were included in the synthesis effect of sex on depression among PLWHIV. Results The total of pooled estimated prevalence of depression in PLWHIV was 36.65. Estimated prevalence of depression in three studies by using CES-D was 31.19% and in six studies by using PHQ-9 was 37.91%. The remaining four studies used a single tool: Kessler-6 Scale (15.5%), HADS (41.2%), HDSQ (43.9%), and BDI (55.8%). Factors such as age, marital status, living alone, poor medication adherence, poor social support, clinical stages II and III of HIV, stigma, income, and occupation were significantly associated with depression. Conclusions and Recommendation The pooled estimate prevalence of depression among PLWHIV was higher than that in the general population. It is better to offer special attention to these populations.

HIV/AIDS treatment failure and associated factors in Ethiopia: meta-analysis

“…In Ethiopia, the threat of HIV treatment failure is becoming a continuing discussion. This might be due to poor HIV care services, delayed to recognize treatment failure, [34], late initiation of HAART [33], high burden of opportunistic infections [35], lack of appropriate nutritional support [36], ART-associated adverse reaction, [37] and frequent psychological problem [38,39]. Besides, the absence of frequent therapeutic drug monitors and/ or resistance testing while the patient is still on the suspect or failing regimen.…”

Still poor HAART adherence has great impact on HIV/AIDS treatment failure in Ethiopia

“…In Ethiopia threat of HIV treatment failure is becoming appointed discussion. This might be due to implementation of poor HIV care, delaying on recognition of symptom of treatment failure, (35), late initiation of HAART (36), high burden of opportunistic infections (37), lack of well nutritional support (38), ART associated adverse reaction, (39) and frequent psychological problem (40,41) are recorded in Ethiopia. Besides, absence of frequent therapeutic drug monitors and/ or resistance testing while the patient is still on the suspect or failing regimen.…”

Longitudinal trajectories of emotional problems and unmet mental health needs among people newly diagnosed with HIV in China

“…Univariate analyses were first used to assess the unadjusted odds ratios for each variable. Although there were divergence results about socio‐demographic differences of depression and anxiety in previous studies, most reported a significant association with gender, age, residence, marital status and socioeconomic status (which is usually measured by education, employment and income) in people living with HIV and those who are not . Thus, we adjusted the crude odds ratios for each clinical and psychosocial factor to account for these variables and the residual pseudo‐likelihood technique was used for parameter estimation.…”