Prevalence and associated factors of otitis media among children with ear compliant attending at some selected hospitals in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Abstract

Background Otitis media (OM), an inflammation of the middle ear, is one of the most common pediatric illnesses, affecting children worldwide. Despite advances in healthcare, OM continues to be a significant cause of morbidity, with recurrent cases contributing to hearing impairment and developmental delays. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted, involving 384 participants from some selected hospitals in Benadir region. Data on the occurrence of otitis media were collected through clinical diagnoses, patient history, and caregiver. Potential risk factors and underlying health conditions, were examined using multivariate logistic regression models. Results The prevalence of otitis media was found to be 32.8% among the participants. Several significant risk factors for OM were identified, including Gender (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.20–2.70; p = 0.005), age (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.15–3.48; p = 0.015), a exposure to smoke (OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.50–5.99; p = 0.002), daycare attendance (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.35–3.12; p = 0.001), and lower socio-economic status (OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.22–7.35; p = 0.016). A Parental employment and the history of allergies were also linked to an increased risk of OM. Conclusion Otitis media remains highly prevalent among children, with multiple risk factors contributing to its prevalence. Public health initiatives should focus on reducing known environmental risks, improving early diagnostic measures, and promoting education on the prevention of OM, particularly in high-risk populations.