Prevalence and associated factors of depressive state among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Manila, The Philippines

Abstract

S E T T I N G :Both depression and tuberculosis (TB) are global public health problems that have a substantial impact on human health. However, depressive state among TB patients has not been well investigated in the Philippines. O B J E C T I V E : To assess depressive state among pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients and to identify factors associated with depressive state in Manila, the Philippines. D E S I G N : A cross-sectional survey of PTB patients was conducted at 10 public health centres and two nongovernment organisation clinics providing DOTS in District I, Tondo, Manila. Face-to-face interviews with 561 PTB patients using a structured questionnaire were conducted. R E S U LT S : Depressive state was observed in 16.8% of the participants. Logistic regression analysis indicated that body mass index < 18.5 kg/m 2 , marital status of cohabitation compared with married, four or more symptoms, four or more adverse drug reactions, grade 3 or higher on the Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale and low perceived confidant social support were significantly associated with depressive state.

Depression and its Associated Factors with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis at Baseline

“…Frequency of depression observed in this study (87.5%) was much greater as compared with the prevalence in the general population of Pakistan (45.98%) [22]. This study finding is much greater as compared with 11% found by Aghanwa and colleague in Nigeria [23], 19% found in Turkey [24], 49% found by Natani and colleagues in India [25] and comparable with 80% found in hospitalized patients in Pakistan [26]. Compared with the previous reports in other countries, prevalence of depressive state among MDR-TB patients was relatively higher in the present study.…”

“…Female patients with MDR-TB in developing countries become lonely, underestimated and socially stigmatized with consequent depression [29]. Gender depression is also associated with younger age [26]. In the present study all MDR-TB patient with age lower than 30 years, had experienced more episode of depression as compared to older age patients.…”

Illness Experience in a Very Low Income/Poor District of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Tuberculosis, Medication Adherence and Common Mental Disorders

“…In a study conducted in the Philippines, a prevalence rate of 16.8% found patients with TB as being in a depressive state. However, the rates were lower than present studies [6]. A systematic review showed a greater frequency in relation to the common and lower in relation to depression [54].…”

“…The association of depression to tuberculosis also has been investigated in other countries. In Manila, Philippines, 17% of 561 patients under directly observed treatment in 12 public services suffered from depression [6]. In a tertiary care hospital, in India, 84% out of the 147 patients presented depressive symptoms over a period of 15 months of observation [7].…”

Comparison of Psychiatric Comorbidity and Quality of Life (QOL) in Persons with Tuberculosis and People Living with HIV in South-South Nigeria

“…A mere diagnosis of these chronic medical diseases can pose serious psychological trauma for the sufferer, giving rise to varied psychiatric symptoms and comorbidities [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. The situation has greatly worsened with the recent surge in co-infection of tuberculosis with HIV infection [27][28][29].…”