Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adults in Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study

Abstract

BackgroundHypertension is a growing public health problem in many developing countries including Ethiopia. It is a silent killer and most patients are detected to have it incidentally when they are admitted to hospital for unrelated disease or subjected to pre-employment or preoperative medical checkups. Information on the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors is to be considered vital to focus and improve prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases. The study design was a cross-sectional survey. The study population consisted of adults aged 25–65 years who lived in Jigjiga city of eastern Ethiopia for at least 6 months. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire, and blood pressure was measured using standardized instruments by trained clinical nurses. Hypertension was defined as having Systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or Diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg or reported use of regular anti-hypertensive medications prescribed by professionals for raised BP. Data were entered into a computer using Epi Info Version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 16.0 for analysis. Multiple logistic regressions were fitted and Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to identify independently associated factors.ResultsThe prevalence of hypertension was 28.3%. Family history of Hypertension [Adjusted OR 5.7; 95% CI (2.9, 10.9)], having high level of income [Adjusted OR 3.1; 95% CI (1.5, 6.3)], being male [Adjusted OR 2.4; 95% CI (1.3, 4.3)], being above grade 12 [Adjusted OR 2.2; 95% CI (1.2, 3.9)], and having BMI ≥ 25 [Adjusted OR 2.0; 95% CI (1.1, 3.5)] were significantly associated with hypertension.ConclusionConsistent with the literatures, the prevalence of hypertension was high and may show a hidden epidemic in this population. If established with more robust and nationally representative studies, the finding calls for efficient health screening and regular checkups as well as interventions promoting healthy lifestyles. Accordingly, health promotion regarding hypertension should be provided in the population as means of primary prevention.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-017-2966-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Prevalence of Undiagnosed Hypertension and Associated Factors among Residents in Gulele Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

“…This discrepancy could be because this study was conducted only in a community living in urban setting; whereas the study conducted in Gilgel Gibe Field Research Center south west Ethiopia was conducted in rural settings. Compared with other studies in Ethiopia, the finding of this study is much lower [10][11][12][13].…”

“…Having family history of hypertension, having high level of income, being male, being below grade 12, and having BMI ≥ 25 were significantly associated with hypertension for the overall study participants [12]. A study conducted in North West Ethiopia found the overall prevalence of hypertension to be 27.9%.…”

Undiagnosed and diagnosed hypertension in a community setting at Hosanna town: Uncovering the burden

“…The finding of the present study is consistent with the findings on the prevalence of hypertension in Hawassa (19.7%) (8) Mekelle (19.1%) (5) and the national prevalence (15.8%) (7). However, it is lower than the findings of the studies in Addis Ababa (32.3%) (15), Jigjiga (28.3%) (10), Durame (22.4%) (12), Bahir dar (23.5%) (22) and Gonder (28.3%) (13) and higher than the findings of the studies in Jimma (13.2%) (11) and Sidama zone (9.9%) (9). The discrepancy in the prevalence of hypertension might be attributable to the settings of the studies, the age group of the participants included in the studies and the life style of the population in the study areas.…”

“…This study revealed that hypertension is associated with old age, excessive alcohol drinking, utilization of saturated fats/oils or unspecified different types of fats/oils and abnormal BMI. It has been mentioned by other reviewed studies that an increment in age has the effect on the blood pressure, which might be due to changes that happen in the walls of blood vessels as age increases (5, 10, 11). Similarly, consumption of excessive saturated fat/oil is also a risk factor for hypertension.…”

“…Six hundred thirty four (634) samples were estimated by using single population proportion formula; with the assumptions of 95% level of confidence, 5% margin of error, 28.3% prevalence of hypertension in Jigjiga (10) and design effect of 2. Multi-stage sampling technique was employed to recruit samples to be included in the study.…”