Prevalence and associated factors of birth injury among neonates admitted at neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in governmental hospitals of Southwest Ethiopian people regional state, Ethiopia: A multicenteric cross-sectional study

Abstract

IntroductionNeonatal birth injury is the functional or structural damage of the new-born during child birth. Fetal related factors such as macrosomia, fetal height, fetal weight, and prematurity; maternal related factors such as overly young and old maternal age, parity, poor maternal health, and pelvic anomalies contribute to neonatal birth injury. Labor and delivery related factors including prolonged labor, fetal mal-presentation and mal-position, cesarean and instrumental deliveries also predispose the neonate to birth injury. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and associated factors of birth injury among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Governmental Hospitals of Southwest Ethiopia.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and associated factors of birth injury among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in governmental hospitals in Southwest Ethiopia.MethodHospital-based cross-sectional study design was implemented at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Bonga Gebretsadik Shawo General Hospital, and Tepi General Hospital. A total of 1,315 neonates were included in the study using systematic random sampling techniques. Data was entered using Epi-Data version 4.2 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to see the association between the dependent and independent variable.ResultsThe prevalence of neonatal birth injury was 16.7%. Predictors such as primipara, no formal education, mothers with no antenatal care, and mothers whose occupational status were unemployed were 12.27, 2.52, 2.40, and 4.26 times more likely to develop neonatal birth injuries than their counterparts, respectively. Whereas, maternal age within the age range of 25–34 years, and neonates delivered via instrumental delivery were 6.68, and 2.81 times more likely to develop neonatal birth injury compared to those whose age was greater than 34 years and neonates delivered through Cesarean section, respectively.ConclusionThe magnitude of birth injury in the current study was significantly high. Primiparity, mothers with no history of antenatal care follow up, uneducated women, unemployed women, mode of delivery, and maternal age between 25 and 34 years were strong predictors associated with neonatal birth injury. Therefore, comprehensive maternal health care such as antenatal care follow up and health institution delivery should be promoted and well addressed to all reproductive age women and special attention should be given particularly to pregnant women in order to mitigate problems related to childbirth.

Neonatal Birth Trauma and Its Predisposing Factors Among Newborns Admitted to Public Hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…However, this study finding is lower than the studies carried out in different countries such as Southern Ethiopia (24.7%), 19 Southwest Nigeria (67.2%), 16 Israel (24.3%) 26 , and the United States (23%). 18 The possible reasons might be variations in sample sizes (ie, in Nigeria's study, 134 of 90 (67.2%) participants had birth trauma), the experience of health personnel, and data coverage, such as a nationwide survey.…”

“…Neonatal birth trauma was defined as neonates with one of the physical injuries during the birth process that was evaluated by physicians or clinicians on admission and admitted with at least one of the following diagnoses: extracranial trauma, cephalohaematoma, subgaleal hemorrhage, musculoskeletal injuries, neurological trauma, brachial palsy, Kulmpke's palsy, soft tissue injury, and abdominal visceral injury. [17][18][19] Perinatal asphyxia is defined as clinical evidence of neonate failure to initiate spontaneous breathing, the need for resuscitation after birth, an Apgar score of less than 7 at the 5th minute, or neonates with clinical evidence of hypoxic encephalopathy. 36 Birth weight was categorized as low, normal, or large if birth weight was <2500 g, 2500 to 3999 g, and ≥4000 g, respectively.…”

Prevalence and Patterns of Neonatal Birth Trauma in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Not applicable. 8,10,13,16 Random Less 24 (13-36) 83. 16 .00 Cephalohematoma [8][9][10]13,16 Random Marked 27 93.06 .00 Skeletal fractures 8,9,12,16 Random Marked 18 (4-32) 93.20 .00 Soft tissue injury 8,9,12,13,16 Random Marked 17 (5-48) 97.57 .00 Nerve injury 8,9,13,16 Random Less 13 (6-21) 74.24 .01…”

“…Its prevalence ranges from 12.3% to 16.7% in Ethiopia. 8,9 Moreover, the types of birth trauma varies among the existing studies. [8][9][10][11][12][13] The existing studies in Ethiopia are limited to specific geographical areas; hence, they could not represent the prevalence and patterns of birth trauma among neonates at the national level.…”

“…8,9 Moreover, the types of birth trauma varies among the existing studies. [8][9][10][11][12][13] The existing studies in Ethiopia are limited to specific geographical areas; hence, they could not represent the prevalence and patterns of birth trauma among neonates at the national level. Moreover, the available data have not been systematically combined to generate a precise understanding of the prevalence and patterns of birth trauma among neonates.…”