Prevalence and associated risk factors of symptomatic dry eye in Ghana: A cross-sectional population-based study

Kobia‐Acquah, Emmanuel; Ankamah-Lomotey, Stephen; Owusu, Ebenezer; S, Forfoe; Bannor, Joseph; Koomson, Joana Abokoma; Opoku, Martin; Dzikpo, Daniel Mensah; Mensah, Derrick; Amonoo, Jedidiah N.; Akowuah, Prince Kwaku

doi:10.1016/j.clae.2020.12.067

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“… 3 It is considered that DM is one of the risk factors. 4 , 5 Our previous community-based studies found that the prevalence of DED among children with DM was higher than that in controls and that people with poor metabolic control were more likely to present with DED. 6 , 7 To our knowledge, the increased prevalence of DED in DM patients is most likely due to corneal neuropathy caused by chronic hyperglycemia, which leads to tear film instability and decreased tear breakup time (TBUT).…”

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confidence: 95%

Ocular Surface Microbiota in Diabetic Patients With Dry Eye Disease

Zhang

Zou²,

Xue

et al. 2021

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose To investigate the ocular surface (OS) commensal bacteria profiles of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and dry eye disease (DED). Methods In the present study, subjects were assigned to four groups: 37 to the diabetic mellitus with dry eye disease (DM with DED) group, 22 to the diabetes mellitus (DM)-only group, 34 to the dry eye disease (DED)-only group, and 22 to the control group. Tear fluid was collected using Schirmer's tear secretion test paper. 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequencing was used to analyze the bacterial microbiota. Results The DM with DED group showed the highest operational taxonomic unit (OTU) numbers and alpha diversity and the most different beta diversity. The groups shared the four most abundant phyla, accounting for over 96% of the total abundance. At the genus level, there were 10 types of overlap in the core microbiota in the groups. They showed significant differences between the groups. Additionally, the DM with DED group and the control group showed four unique core genera, respectively. Unclassified Clostridiales and Lactobacillus were the core microbiota members of the DM with DED group, the DM-only group, and the DED-only group, but not the control group. Conclusions In the present study, our results showed that the patients in the DM with DED group had a more complex and comprehensive ocular surface microbial composition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal the microbial profile of dry eye disease in patients with diabetes mellitus.

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confidence: 95%

Ocular Surface Microbiota in Diabetic Patients With Dry Eye Disease

Zhang

Zou²,

Xue

et al. 2021

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…This study utilized the definition of the dry eye workshop II to classify individuals as dry eye and reports a prevalence of 40.8% which is higher than the dry eye prevalence reported in many population-based and clinic-based studies. This high prevalence is based on a robust diagnostic criteria compared to that used in many typical dry eye studies [ 24 , 27 ]. This implies dry eye disease is very common in pregnancy regardless of gestational age and/or trimester [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry eye, its clinical subtypes and associated factors in healthy pregnancy: A cross-sectional study

Asiedu¹,

Kyei

Adanusa

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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The study determined the frequency of dry eye, its clinical subtypes and risk factors among pregnant women. This study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study of pregnant women visiting the antenatal clinic of the University of Cape Coast hospital. Clinical dry eye tests were performed along with the administration of a symptom questionnaire. Frequencies, chi-square analysis and logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the frequency of dry eye disease, its clinical subtypes and associated factors. The prevalence of dry eye disease among the cohort of pregnant women was 82/201 (40.8% 95% confidence interval 34.3%-47.3%). Among the 82 pregnant women with dry eye disease, the frequencies of the clinical subtypes of dry eye were: evaporative dry eye [15/82(18.3%; 95% CI, 12.2%–25.2%)], aqueous deficient dry eye [10/82(12.2.%; 95% CI, 7.3%–18.3)], mixed dry eye [6/82(7.3%; 95% CI, 3.7%–11.0%)], and unclassified dry eye [51/82(62.2%; 95% CI, 52.4%–72.0%)]. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors were not significantly associated with dry eye: age, BMI, lipid profile, prolactin level, testosterone level, ocular protection index and blink rate. Only gestational age was significantly associated with dry eye disease in pregnancy. In conclusion, the current study showed that dry eye disease occurs frequently in pregnant women ranging from the first to the third trimester and it is associated with increasing gestational age. The evaporative dry eye was more common compared to the aqueous deficient dry eye, but most dry eye could not be classified.

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“…This agrees with similar studies conducted in Ghana. Kobia-Acquah et al [24] reported a 69.3 % overall prevalence of symptomatic dry eye and 32.9 % prevalence of severe dry eye symptoms in Ghana. Ghana is in the tropical climate zone, with dry, hot, and windy conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same formula was used to calculate subsection (ocular symptoms, visual related function, and environmental triggers) scores. Overall OSDI score was grouped as normal (<13), mild (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22), moderate (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32) and severe (>32) [23]. An individual with OSDI score ≥13 was considered positively symptomatic for diagnosis of dry eye disease [23].…”

Section: Questionnairesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the performance of the dry eye questionnaire (DEQ-5) to the ocular surface disease index in a non-clinical population

Akowuah¹,

Adjei-Anang²,

Nkansah³

et al. 2022

Contact Lens and Anterior Eye

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To compare the performance of the dry eye questionnaire (DEQ-5) with the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and further validate the DEQ-5 questionnaire. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study conducted in Ghana. OSDI and DEQ-5 questionnaires were administered to participants. Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate the reliability of the OSDI and DEQ-5 questionnaires. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the discriminant validity of DEQ-5. Concurrent validity was evaluated using the Spearman correlation analysis. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to describe the sensitivity and specificity of the DEQ-5 questionnaire for diagnosis of dry eye symptoms. Cohen Kappa was used to evaluate agreement between the two questionnaires. Results: The reliability of the overall OSDI and DEQ-5 scores were 0.919 and 0.819 respectively. The mean (SD) DEQ-5 scores for asymptomatic, mild, moderate and severe dry eye symptoms as defined by the OSDI grading were 3.05 (2.73), 5.13 (3.69), 7.65 (3.30) and 9.77 (4.16) respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation between total OSDI and total DEQ-5 scores (r s = 0.649, p < 0.0001). The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curve for DEQ-5 was 0.835 (95 % CI: 0.796 -0.875). A DEQ-5 threshold of 5.5 yielded maximum sensitivity (0.712) and specificity (0.827). The Cohen kappa using a the DEQ-5 total score threshold of 5.5 was K = 0.539 (p < 0.0001). Conclusion:In conclusion, performance of the DEQ-5 questionnaire in discriminating symptoms of dry eye is comparable to the OSDI questionnaire. The DEQ-5 questionnaire is a valid measure of dry eye symptoms and can be used as a dry eye symptoms assessment tool in both clinical and epidemiological studies.

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Prevalence and associated risk factors of symptomatic dry eye in Ghana: A cross-sectional population-based study

Cited by 16 publications

References 57 publications

Ocular Surface Microbiota in Diabetic Patients With Dry Eye Disease

Ocular Surface Microbiota in Diabetic Patients With Dry Eye Disease

Dry eye, its clinical subtypes and associated factors in healthy pregnancy: A cross-sectional study

Comparison of the performance of the dry eye questionnaire (DEQ-5) to the ocular surface disease index in a non-clinical population

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