Prevalence and associated risk factors of pneumonia in under five years children using the data of the University of Gondar Referral Hospital

Melese, Dessie; Andargie, Asrat Atsedeweyn; MohammedYesuf, Kassim; Mekonen, Mequanent Wale; Geremew, Bisrat Misganaw; Fetene, Moges Zerihun

doi:10.1080/2331205x.2022.2029245

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This is in line with a systematic review and meta‐analysis conducted among under‐five children in East Africa involving 34 studies that showed the pooled prevalence of pneumonia in East Africa was 34% 5 . However, the finding is higher than studies conducted among 560 systematically selected under‐five children in Dessie City, 17.1%, 8 and prevalence and associated risk factors of pneumonia in under‐five children in Gondar Referral Hospital, 18.5% 25 . The difference could be explained by the geographical variation of study areas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Determinants of under‐five pneumonia in randomly selected health facilities at Aleta Wondo Woreda, Sidama Region Ethiopia: Case–control study

Alemu,

Ayele,

Sorato

2023

Clinical Respiratory J

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IntroductionUnder‐five mortality reduction due to pneumonia is not Signiant, particularly in developing countries. Pneumonia contributed to 27.5% to 31.3% of health facility visits by children 2 to 59 months in Aleta Wondo Woreda. Previous studies have shown inconclusive evidence on determinants of pneumonia in children.MethodsAn institution‐based unmatched case–control study was conducted to assess determinants of pneumonia among under‐five children at Aleta Wondo Woreda, Sidama Region.ResultOne‐hundred forty‐five cases and 290 controls of children aged 2 to 59 months participated in the study. The mean ± (SD) age of the children was 18.81 months (2.1 ± 11.43) and 28.26 months (2.1 ± 16.007) for cases and controls, respectively. Only 56% (n = 145) of cases open house windows daily, whereas most 68.6% (n = 290) of controls house windows open daily. Ninety five (62.8%) of cases and 68.6% of controls were exclusively breastfed for 6 months. Household income ≥1500 Ethiopian birr (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI, 0.017–0.120, p < 0.000), child location outside of cooking house during cooking (AOR = 0.101, 95% CI, 0.43–0.238, p < 0.000), no formal education of the mother (AOR = 2.398, 95% CI, 1.082–5.316, p < 0.031), and presence of history of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in last 2 weeks (AOR = 2.183, 95% CI, 1.684–5.273, P < 0.049) were determinants of pneumonia.ConclusionDeterminants of pneumonia in under‐five children were multifactorial (socioeconomic, nutritional, and environmental). Addressing these factors by involving all relevant stakeholders is important to reduce pneumonia‐related morbidity and mortality among under‐five children in the study area.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Determinants of under‐five pneumonia in randomly selected health facilities at Aleta Wondo Woreda, Sidama Region Ethiopia: Case–control study

Alemu,

Ayele,

Sorato

2023

Clinical Respiratory J

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“…The findings are consistent with Ibraheem, Abdulkadir, Gobir and Johnson [16] study in Nigeria who found that infancy and families with few children are socio-demographic features that are likely to determine early-to-intermediate presentation of children with pneumonia while high respiratory rates and bronchopneumonia are disease related factors that predict early presentation. The results are also in line with Chekole et al [15] whose results showed that children who had a history of diarrhea for one month, immunization history, breastfeeding of the child, household history of ALRI, and children living in an overcrowded house were found to be statistically significant factors for pneumonia infections. The findings are in tandem with Endale, Gari, Haji, Tiruneh and Wudneh (2022) who established that maternal age< 25 years, family size> 4, non-exclusive breastfeeding, stunting, history of diarrhea, charcoal use as cooking fuel, and parental smoking were risk factors of community-acquired pneumonia.…”

Section: Bivariate Analysissupporting

confidence: 90%

“…"(HS2) Mengstie (2022) assessed the prevalence of pneumonia and associated factors among children aged 6-59 months and the prevalence of pneumonia in children under five was 5.8% which is significantly lower as compared to this study. Chekole et al [15] examined the prevalence and associated risk factors of pneumonia in under five years children using the data of the University of Gondar Referral Hospital…”

Section: Prevalence Of Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2018, there were 122 under five year's deaths per 1000 live births because of pneumonia [2]. It was also found 21% (15,165) of children deaths in Somalia was attributed to pneumonia in 2018; whereas in 2017, pneumonia was the highest single killer of under-5 years of age children [3]. UNICEF, [4] indicated that Pneumonia killed 2 children every hour in Somalia in 2018.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Factors Associated with Pneumonia among under 5 Years Children at Banadir Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia

Adawe

Odongo

Kariuki

2023

AJMAH

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Aims: Pneumonia burden among children aged five years and below in Somalia remains one of big health problems. Higher risk factors of child Pneumonia in Somalia includes child stunting, child wasting and indoor air pollution. The main objective of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with pneumonia among under 5 years children attending Banadir Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia. The specific objectives were to determine the prevalence of pneumonia among children aged under 5 years; to establish the socio-demographic factors, environmental factors and health facility related factors associated with Pneumonia among children aged under 5 years. Study Design: The study adopted cross-sectional study design. Place and Duration of Study: Banadir Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia in 2022. Methodology: The study used a systematic random sampling technique to select 188 under 5 children with pneumonia. A structured questionnaire and interview guide were employed in collecting data. Qualitative data was analyzed using content technique. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The inferential statistics entailed the multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine the risk factors that predict pneumonia among the under 5 years children. Results: The results indicated that the social demographic factors that were protective and decreased the odds of prevalence of pneumonia among under 5 years children were age of 4 - 5 years (Odds= 1.125, P=0.008<0.05); caretakers who had attended university (0.964;P=0.010<0.05); caretakers who earned 300-400$ (Odds=1.315; P=0.006<0.05); birth weight over 3kgs (Odds=2.422; P=0.014<0.05); permanent housing (Odds= 0.810; P=0.007<0.05). The environmental factors that were associated with high prevalence of pneumonia among under 5 years children were living in an environment without safe air quality (Odds= 1.402; P=0.033<0.05); and living in an environment where firewood is used for cooking (Odds=0.704;P=0.038<0.05). The health related factors that were protective and decreased the odds of prevalence of pneumonia among under 5 years children were pneumonia vaccination (Odds=0.948; P=0.008<0.05). Conclusion: The study concluded that the risk factors for pneumonia among children aged under 5 years were age, level of education, income, birth weight, exclusive breast feeding, pneumonia vaccination, postnatal care, and history of acute respiratory tract infection. The study recommends that the health centres should equip the mothers and the caregivers with the basic knowledge regarding health and the hospitals to conduct post-natal training programs to the mothers and caregivers.

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“…The proportion of admissions due to pneumonia in this study was higher than a similar retrospective study (18.5% ) conducted among under ve children admitted to the University of Gondar Referral Hospital [23]. However, our observations were similar to a study conducted at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, in Addis Ababa, which found pneumonia to account for 25.3% of admissions [7].…”

Section: Factors Associated With Under Ve Children Pneumonia Admissionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Pneumonia among under-five children in Ethiopia: a retrospective analysis from an urban hospital

Yallew

Assefa²,

Berhane

2023

Preprint

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Background: Pneumonia is the leading cause of death in under-five children in low-income countries. However, the burden of pneumonia in hospital admission is not traced systematically. This study was conducted to determine the proportion of under-five pneumonia admissions among children admitted to a hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia between 2017-2021. Methods: A retrospective record of pediatric admissions to the Yekatit 12 referral hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia was assessed for the period 2017- 2021. The date of admission and discharge, length of stay, and outcome at discharge were collected in accordance with the Ethiopian National Classification of Diseases (NCoD). Descriptive statistics were used to assess the proportion of under-five children with pneumonia. Survival analyses using Log rank test and cox regression analysis were done to assess time to recovery (recovering from illness). Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the influence of selected factors on pneumonia associated hospital admission. Results: Between 2017-2021, 2170 children age 1 to 59 months were admitted, 564 (25.99%; 95% confidence interval 24.18% to 27.87%) were diagnosed with pneumonia. Among the sixty children who died during their hospitalization, 15 had been diagnosed with pneumonia. The median time to recover from pneumonia and discharge was 6 days. The odds of pneumonia hospital admission were higher among younger children (4.36 times higher compared to elder children with 95% CI 2.77,6.87)and were increased between the months of September to November. Conclusions: Pneumonia accounts for more than a quarter of hospital admissions in under-five children and for a quarter of deaths in this urban cohort. Hospital admission due to pneumonia was higher among older children (36-59 months of age) in the months following the heavy rain months (September to November) as compared to younger children. Our data strongly support increase of vaccination to prevent under 5 pneumonia.

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Prevalence and associated risk factors of pneumonia in under five years children using the data of the University of Gondar Referral Hospital

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Determinants of under‐five pneumonia in randomly selected health facilities at Aleta Wondo Woreda, Sidama Region Ethiopia: Case–control study

Determinants of under‐five pneumonia in randomly selected health facilities at Aleta Wondo Woreda, Sidama Region Ethiopia: Case–control study

Risk Factors Associated with Pneumonia among under 5 Years Children at Banadir Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia

Pneumonia among under-five children in Ethiopia: a retrospective analysis from an urban hospital

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