Prevalence and association of metabolic syndrome and vitamin D deficiency among postmenopausal women in a rural block of West Bengal, India

Srimani, Soumi; Saha, Indranil; Chaudhuri, Debnath

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188331

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…These studies which included various age groups reflect the magnitude of the problem. High prevalence was seen throughout the country[ 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 ] [ Table 2 ].…”

Section: Magnitude Of Vitamin D Deficiency In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D deficiency in India

Aparna

Nongkynrih

et al. 2018

J Family Med Prim Care

187

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Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin playing a vital role in human physiology. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent worldwide. This deficiency has many consequences which are still being explored, apart from the well-known skeletal complications. With this review, we aim to summarize the existing literature on Vitamin D status in India and understand the enormity of the problem. The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency ranged from 40% to 99%, with most of the studies reporting a prevalence of 80%–90%. It was prevalent in all the age groups and high-risk groups alike. With the consequences of Vitamin D deficiency, namely, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and tuberculosis being explored, we can imagine the burden it would cause in our country. We need to create awareness among the public and healthcare providers about the importance of Vitamin D and the consequences of deficiency. Our Indian diet generally fails to satisfy the daily requirement of Vitamin D for a normal adult. This stresses on the need for fortifying various food with Vitamin D, through the national programs. This silent epidemic should be addressed appropriately with concrete public health action.

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Section: Magnitude Of Vitamin D Deficiency In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D deficiency in India

Aparna

Nongkynrih

et al. 2018

J Family Med Prim Care

187

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“…This is similar to 51% prevalence of vitamin D levels <20 ng/ml reported from a study by Srimani et al from West Bengal, but comparatively lower than 84.9% and 92.5% reported in a study from Cuttack and Kolkata. 14,16,29 Our study reported prevalence of vitamin D level <30 ng/ml as 76.3% and <20 ng/ml as 49.3% amongst subjects from west India; which is comparatively lower than the incidence rate of 70% and 87.5% reported in healthy individuals, in studies by Shivane et al and Multani et al from Mumbai. 32,37 In our study, the prevalence of vitamin D level of <30 ng/ml in male and female subjects was 77.3% and 76.5%, respectively; and vitamin D level of <20 ng/ml was 50.1% and 51.2%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Vitamin D status in Indian subjects: a retrospective analysis

Goel¹

2020

Int J Res Orthop

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Background: The objective of the study was to conduct a systematic evaluation of vitamin D status in pan India population, to provide a comprehensive depiction of the vitamin D status among Indians.Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional, multicentric study considered data of subjects (≥18 years) who underwent 25(OH)D test at vitamin D screening camps, conducted at 229 sites across 81 cities in India. Primary study variables were proportion of subjects with vitamin D (25(OH)D) - severe deficiency (<5 ng/ml)/ deficiency (≥5-<20 ng/m)/ insufficiency (≥20-<30 ng/ml)/ sufficiency (≥30-<150 ng/ml) and toxicity (≥150 ng/ml).Results: Data from 4624 subjects (mean SD) age: 45.4 (14.5 years) was considered for this analysis. A total of 3552 (76.9%) subjects had vitamin D level of <30 ng/ml, including 41 (0.9%) subjects with severe deficiency, 2310 (50.0%) subjects with deficiency and 1201 (26.0%) subjects with insufficiency. Prevalence of vitamin D level of <30 ng/ml was found marginally higher in males (77.3%) than females (76.5%). Analysis of zonal data revealed that prevalence of vitamin D level <30 ng/ml was highest in east India (83.4%) followed by south (81.6%), west (76.3%) and north (73.3%). The incidence of vitamin D level <30 ng/ml was highest in the age-group of ≥18-≤30 years (82.5%), followed by >30-≤ 40 (80.4%), >40-≤50 (76%) and >50-≤65 (74.1%) years groups.Conclusions: Our study indicates a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in the Indian population irrespective of sex, age, and location. These clinically identified cases represent only a part of a bigger concern, necessitating the need for optimal public health action.

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“…[2][3][4] In particular, vitamin D levels have been reported to influence the risk of MetS in many studies. 2,[5][6][7] After menopause, it is common to observe low concentrations of vitamin D among women. 8 In addition, postmenopausal women are at high risk of MetS due to a decrease in estrogen levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the Association Among the Vitamin D Concentration, Dietary Macronutrient Consumption, and Metabolic Syndrome Depending on Pre- and Postmenopausal Status in Korean Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Chun¹,

Kim²,

Doo³

2020

DMSO

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Background and Objectives: To assess whether the consumption of dietary macronutrient could change metabolic syndrome (MetS) related to vitamin D deficiency according to menopausal status. Methods and Study Design: In a cross-sectional study of 8326 Korean women from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V (2010-2012), we investigated the combined interaction effect of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration and menopausal status on MetS-related variables. Results: The prevalence rates of 25(OH)D deficiency (vitamin D <50 nmol/L) among premenopausal and postmenopausal women were 84.5% and 67.9%, respectively. Significant differences in MetS-related variables such as body mass index (P<0.001), waist circumference (P=0.005), fast glucose (P=0.048), triglycerides (P=0.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.027) based on 25(OH)D concentration were observed among postmenopausal women but not among premenopausal women. Among the postmenopausal women with high consumption of dietary carbohydrate, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) [95% confidence intervals (95% CIs)] of MetS among participants with 25(OH)D deficiency increased 1.380-fold (95% CI = 1.086-1.753) using the 25(OH)D-sufficient group as a reference. In contrast, the participants with 25(OH)D deficiency showed an increased risk of MetS [OR (95% CI) = 1.313 (1.041-1.655)] with low-fat consumption. However, the aforementioned findings did not differ among premenopausal women. Conclusion: Thus, MetS due to 25(OH)D deficiency among postmenopausal women may be modified by the consumption of dietary macronutrient.

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Prevalence and association of metabolic syndrome and vitamin D deficiency among postmenopausal women in a rural block of West Bengal, India

Cited by 24 publications

References 51 publications

Vitamin D deficiency in India

Vitamin D deficiency in India

Vitamin D status in Indian subjects: a retrospective analysis

<p>Differences in the Association Among the Vitamin D Concentration, Dietary Macronutrient Consumption, and Metabolic Syndrome Depending on Pre- and Postmenopausal Status in Korean Women: A Cross-Sectional Study</p>

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