Prevalence and associations of metabolic syndrome in patients with alcohol use disorder

Hernández-Rubio, Anna; Sanvisens, Arantza; Bolao, Ferrán; Cachón-Suárez, Isabel; Garcia-Martín, Carme; Short, Antoni; Bataller, Ramón; Muga, Roberto

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-06010-3

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Of note, the median GGT value in the study group was 105 UI/L. In a prior study by our group, 75% of the 728 patients admitted for hospital detoxification had GGT values >50 UI/L [ 36 ]. GGT is not only a marker of excessive alcohol use but also of intracellular triglyceride levels in the liver, and it is associated with being overweight, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with Advanced Liver Fibrosis and Impaired Fasting Glucose in Alcohol Use Disorder

Zuluaga,

Casado-Carbajo,

Hernández-Rubio

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for liver disease, insulin resistance, and beta cell dysfunction. Individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) have many comorbidities, with a heavy burden of liver disease and metabolic complications, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective: We aimed to analyze the prevalence and associations of vitamin D deficiency in patients admitted for in-hospital treatment of AUD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients consecutively admitted for the treatment of AUD between January 2017 and October 2023. Sociodemographic data, substance use characteristics, and blood parameters were available at admission. Vitamin D status was assessed through the serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels using a direct competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay method. Deficiency of vitamin D was defined as a concentration less than 20 ng/mL; impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was defined by fasting blood glucose >100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L), and advanced liver fibrosis by an FIB-4 index >3.25. Results: Two hundred and forty-three patients were included (75% male) with a mean age of 49 ± 10 years, mean BMI of 26.4 ± 7.3, mean alcohol consumption of 163 ± 81 g/day, and a mean duration of AUD of 18.1 ± 11.2 years. Mean 25(OH)D, fasting blood glucose, AST, ALT, and platelets were 14.4 ± 10.2 ng/mL, 103.4 ± 40.9 mg/dL, 55.1 ± 75.8 U/L, 44.8 ± 76.6 U/L, and 206.3 ± 84.8 × 109/L, respectively. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 80.6%, and 41.1% of patients had levels less than 10 ng/mL. IFG was present in 32.3% of patients, and 20.5% had FIB-4 values >3.25. In the multivariable analysis, IFG (OR, 2.51; 95% CI: 1.02–6.17, p = 0.04) and advanced liver fibrosis (OR, 4.27; 95% CI: 1.21–15.0, p = 0.02) were the only factors associated with vitamin D deficiency. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency was very prevalent in this series of patients with AUD and was associated with impaired fasting glucose and advanced liver fibrosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with Advanced Liver Fibrosis and Impaired Fasting Glucose in Alcohol Use Disorder

Zuluaga,

Casado-Carbajo,

Hernández-Rubio

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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“…Kan Sun et al in a meta-analysis of prospective studies reported that heavy alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of MetS while very light alcohol consumption was associated with a reduced risk of MetS 11 . In another study, results showed that the prevalence of MetS was high in participants with a median age of 47 years old who started drinking alcohol at 16 years old 10 . Similarly, the present study showed the odds of MetS was almost twice greater in the alcohol-drinking group in the last 12 months compared with the non-drinking group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Alcohol drinking is one of the most prevalent lifestyle habits globally. Previous studies reported that alcohol consumption is a risk factor for MetS 10 . However, the association between alcohol consumption and MetS is controversial 10 – 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Previous studies reported that alcohol consumption is a risk factor for MetS 10 . However, the association between alcohol consumption and MetS is controversial 10 – 12 . Also, several previous studies showed that cigarette and tobacco smoking induce insulin resistance 13 – 15 and increase the risk of abdominal obesity 16 , 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Metabolic syndrome: a population-based study of prevalence and risk factors

Jamali,

Ayoobi,

Jalali

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The association between personal habits and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of MetS among youths and its association with cigarette, tobacco, opium, and alcohol consumption in the Rafsanjan Youth Cohort Study (RYCS). The current cross-sectional study was based on data from RYCS, as part of the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS). RCS is a branch of the prospective epidemiological research studies in Iran (PERSIAN). In the present study, 2843 youths aged 15–35 were included. MetS was diagnosed using the international diabetes federation (International IDF), National Cholesterol Education Panel- Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII), and Iranian criteria (IDF Iranian). Binary logistic regression models were performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs). The prevalence of MetS was 7.67%, 7.14%, and 10.13% based on NCEP-ATPIII, IDF Iranian, and International IDF criteria respectively. The odds of MetS according to international IDF and Iranian IDF in the alcohol-drinking group in the last 12 months (OR: 1.51, 95%CI 1.02–2.21, OR: 1.66, 95%CI 1.11–2.48 respectively) were greater compared with the non-drinking group. The odds of having high TG in the alcohol-drinking group in the last 12 months was 1.53 times higher than the control group (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.20–1.94). Furthermore, the odds of having high waist circumference (WC) according to IDF International was significantly higher in the tobacco-smoking group in the last 12 months and in the tobacco-smoking group in the last 12 months daily (OR: 1.23, 95%CI 1.01–1.49 and OR: 1.41, 95%CI 1.01–1.98 respectively) compared to the control groups. The prevalence of MetS was 7.67%, 7.14%, and 10.13% based on NCEP-ATPIII, IDF Iranian, and International IDF criteria respectively. The odds of MetS and high TG were greater in the alcohol-drinking group in the last 12 months compared with the non-drinking group. The odds of high WC in the last 12 months, were greater in the tobacco-smoking group compared with the non-smoking group. However, more longitudinal studies are needed to verify the associations observed in the current study.

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“…Liver injury is highly associated with the development of insulin resistance. Indeed, the link between excessive drinking and decreased insulin sensitivity has been established in heavy drinkers and alcohol-exposed rodents [ 57 , 63 , 64 ] . Interestingly, excessive intake of cholesterol has been shown to be an independent risk factor to induce glucose intolerance in healthy subjects [ 65 ] .…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary cholesterol in alcohol-associated liver disease

Lin

2023

Immunometabolism

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There is an increasing prevalence of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) worldwide. In addition to excessive alcohol consumption, other nutritional factors have been shown to affect the initiation and progression of ALD. The emerging role of cholesterol in exacerbating ALD has been reported recently and the underlying mechanisms are discussed. In addition, the interplay between dietary cholesterol and alcohol on cholesterol metabolism is reviewed. Furthermore, we highlight the therapeutic potential of cholesterol-lowering drugs in managing the onset and severity of ALD. Finally, we suggest the future mechanistic investigation of the effect of cholesterol on insulin resistance and intestinal inflammation in the exacerbation of alcohol-induced cellular and systemic dysfunction.

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Prevalence and associations of metabolic syndrome in patients with alcohol use disorder

Cited by 19 publications

References 45 publications

Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with Advanced Liver Fibrosis and Impaired Fasting Glucose in Alcohol Use Disorder

Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with Advanced Liver Fibrosis and Impaired Fasting Glucose in Alcohol Use Disorder

Metabolic syndrome: a population-based study of prevalence and risk factors

Dietary cholesterol in alcohol-associated liver disease

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