Prevalence and attributes of traumatic dental injuries to anterior teeth among school going children of Kolkata, India

Assessment of the environmental risk factors associated with traumatic dental injuries among WHO index-aged children and adolescents

“…[ 10 ] However, such deleterious traumatic injuries with multifactorial etiology are preventable if the associated risk/predisposing factors are appropriately addressed and eliminated effectively. [ 8 10 ] Multiple risk factors for TDI have been studied. [ 8 10 ] However, children's activities and their environment have been seen to be more significant factors or determinants than their age and gender[ 2 11 ] Environmental factors (place of TDI) have been evaluated in index ages of 12 and 15 in some previous epidemiological studies.…”

“…[ 1 2 3 ] However, environmental factors that include the place of occurrence of TDI (e.g., schools, homes, playground, and roadside) are one of the critical factors that have a significant role in the occurrence of TDI event. [ 3 4 6 7 8 ] The occurrence of TDI incident can be prevented if environmental risk factors are well explored and thoroughly studied for different aspects, and accordingly, preventive measures can aid in the reduction in TDI prevalence in susceptible age group population (children and adolescents). [ 4 8 9 ] Although previous studies have reported various environmental risk factors such as home, school, playgrounds, and roadside, there is paucity in existing dental literature regarding the analysis of the association of dental trauma in relation to different places of TDI occurrence, particularly in relation to World Health Organization (WHO) index age groups of children and adolescents of rural and urban regions of north Indian regions.…”

“…[ 3 4 6 7 8 ] The occurrence of TDI incident can be prevented if environmental risk factors are well explored and thoroughly studied for different aspects, and accordingly, preventive measures can aid in the reduction in TDI prevalence in susceptible age group population (children and adolescents). [ 4 8 9 ] Although previous studies have reported various environmental risk factors such as home, school, playgrounds, and roadside, there is paucity in existing dental literature regarding the analysis of the association of dental trauma in relation to different places of TDI occurrence, particularly in relation to World Health Organization (WHO) index age groups of children and adolescents of rural and urban regions of north Indian regions. WHO has recommended that the epidemiological observational research studies should be performed among study participants of index age groups for global monitoring of the status of oral and dental diseases.…”

cross sectional study to determine anterior tooth trauma prevalence among children aged 9-13 years

“…3 As per literature, the global prevalence of traumatic dental injuries has been estimated to be 13 to 17.5 percent, while the pooled prevalence of TDI in India was estimated as 13%. 4 Maxillary incisors are the most frequently injured teeth in both primary as well as permanent dentition (exposed position in the dental arch) and in most of the cases direct impact occur on crown resulting in fracture of tooth. Incisal injury occurs more frequently in male children, children with prognathic maxilla and children with pronounced overjet.…”

“…), gender, and socioeconomic background} for TDI have already been identified and complex interaction between them is well established. 4 Development of the permanent teeth as well as the developing occlusion is severely affected in addition to pain and loss of function which has the potential for periapical sequelae. 6 Dental professionals are quite aware about the risks of traumatic dental injuries but they are not able to disseminate the same to general public and prevent its occurring, also several epidemiologic studies have referred it as a serious dental health problem.…”