Prevalence and Characteristics of Earthquake-Related Head Injuries: A Systematic Review

Igarashi, Yutaka; Matsumoto, Narumi; Kubo, Toshikazu; Yamaguchi, Masahiro; Nakae, Ryuta; Onda, Hidetaka; Yokobori, Shoji; Koido, Yuichi

doi:10.1017/dmp.2021.31

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…8,10,11 Studies on this subject report that most hospital admissions are made within the first 1-2 days after the earthquake. 10,12 In our study, it is observed that there were no earthquake victims in the first 48 hours. This may have resulted from the response to the earthquake and its distance from the earthquake zone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Deprem Bölgesinden Uzaktaki Bir Hastaneye Başvuran Depremzede Hasta Profili: Sakarya İli Örneği

ASLAN,

YURUMEZ,

AKDENİZ

et al. 2023

Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi

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Objective: In our study, the effect of earthquake victims who applied to the emergency department (ED) of our hospital, despite being far from the earthquake area, on the workload and the need for additional precautions will be examined. As a result, it is aimed to create a guiding resource for future disasters. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted with patients who applied to Sakarya Training and Research Hospital (STRH) Emergency Department within 15 days after the Kahramanmaraş earthquake and were diagnosed as X34-Earthquake Victims according to ICD-10. Results: The mean age of the 405 patients were 20.98 years, and 52.6% were female. The ratio of the admitted patients to the total number of patients was 1.62%. Regarding resource use, the laboratory was requested for 32.3%, imaging examination for 55.1%, consultation for 19%, and 353 patients were discharged from the emergency department. Conclusions: Although earthquake victims may apply to the emergency departments regardless of the distance after the earthquake, this number is insufficient to require additional measures regarding the workload it creates. However, since this study is the first analysis based on distance, it should be supported by similar studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Deprem Bölgesinden Uzaktaki Bir Hastaneye Başvuran Depremzede Hasta Profili: Sakarya İli Örneği

ASLAN,

YURUMEZ,

AKDENİZ

et al. 2023

Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi

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“…In the worst-case scenario, horizontal concrete slabs coincide with the head-neck-spine axis, which is the leading cause of death in earthquakes. 22,23 The expert consensus in this study suggested that the Fetal Position in the Triangle of Life may be more protective against head and neck spine crushes and solid organ injuries than Drop, Cover, and Hold On, considering the post-earthquake rubble.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Drop, Cover, and Hold On versus Fetal Position in the Triangle of Life to Survive in an Earthquake: A Delphi Study

Çelikmen

Yilmaz

Tatliparmak³

et al. 2023

Prehosp. Disaster med.

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Objective: This study aims to determine and compare the effectiveness of Drop, Cover, and Hold On versus Fetal Position in the Triangle of Life regarding reducing casualties during earthquakes and establishing a consensus among medical search and rescue experts. Methods: In this study, the data collected from ten experienced medical search and rescue professionals were analyzed using a three-stage Delphi technique to compare Drop, Cover, and Hold On versus Fetal Position in the Triangle of Life. Results: At the end of the first round of Delphi, all of the experts mentioned the following factors: age, position, and surface area of the injured person. A victim’s time under rubble and the experience of search and rescue teams are two prominent factors related to search and rescue. After the earthquake simulation in the second round, mannequin damage rates were examined by opening rubble pavement and tunnels. Following the second round of ratings, a third round of questionnaires was administered. As part of this questionnaire, participants were asked to give a score from one to ten based on their level of agreement. Whether they agreed or disagreed with Fetal Position in the Triangle of Life and Drop, Cover, and Hold On using a ten-point Likert scale, and the agreement rates were measured and compared. Experts completed a comparison of the two positions in the third round. Conclusion: According to this expert consensus, the Fetal Position in the Triangle of Life has the following advantages over Drop, Cover, and Hold On: reduced surface area, less crush injuries, protection of a larger body part from injury, better protection from hypothermia, and better maintenance of basal metabolism.

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“…Lacerations and contusions (59.1%) were the most common, while epidural hematomas (9.5%) were the most common intracranial hemorrhages, followed by intracerebral hematomas (7.0%) and subdural hematomas (6.8%). The mortality rate was 5.6% [ 27 ]. Head trauma accounted for 25.7% of earthquake-related injuries during the 2008 Wenchuan (Sichuan Province) earthquake in China, with 15% being intracranial injuries [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in mortality rates and correlations between intracranial injuries and external causes: A Japanese population study

Shimada,

Kibayashi

2024

PLoS ONE

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The age-standardized incidence of head trauma in 2016 was 369 per 100,000 people worldwide. The Western Pacific region, including Japan, had the highest incidence. This study aimed to extract ICD-10 code data for intracranial injury (S06) and external causes of morbidity and mortality (V01–Y89), analyze their characteristics and interrelationships, and contribute to these diseases’ prevention, treatment, and prognosis. The number of deaths according to injury type and external cause type of intracranial injury published by the Japanese government was statistically analyzed using JoinPoint, and univariate distribution and multivariate correlation were conducted using JMP Software. From 1999–2021, there was a downward trend in the number of deaths because of intracranial injuries: mortality from intracranial injuries was higher among those aged ≥65 years. Conversely, mortality from intracranial injuries was lower among those aged ≤14 years. Among deaths from intracranial injury, mortality from diffuse brain injury and traumatic subdural hemorrhage was more common. Among deaths from external causes of intracranial injury, mortality from falls, transport accidents, and other unforeseen accidents was more common. Mortality because of intracranial injuries increased significantly during the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. For some age groups and sexes, there were significant inverse correlations of mortality with traumatic subdural hemorrhage and traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage for transport accidents, intentional self-harm and assault, and diffuse brain injury and focal brain injury for falls. We believe that the data presented in this study will be useful for preventing and treating intracranial injuries and for developing administrative measures to reduce intracranial injuries.

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Prevalence and Characteristics of Earthquake-Related Head Injuries: A Systematic Review

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

Deprem Bölgesinden Uzaktaki Bir Hastaneye Başvuran Depremzede Hasta Profili: Sakarya İli Örneği

Deprem Bölgesinden Uzaktaki Bir Hastaneye Başvuran Depremzede Hasta Profili: Sakarya İli Örneği

Drop, Cover, and Hold On versus Fetal Position in the Triangle of Life to Survive in an Earthquake: A Delphi Study

Trends in mortality rates and correlations between intracranial injuries and external causes: A Japanese population study

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